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 Coup D'Etat In America  

COUP D'ETAT IN AMERICA VOLUME THREE

July 2017

AJ Weberman
 
513 Pages
Lee Harvey Oswald,
Gerry Patrick Hemming,
Frank Sturgis
CIA and the JFK assassination
 
Jack Ruby Trial Panel Discussion
 
Aaron Russo- Reflections & Warnings Part 1 of 4
 
Aaron Russo- Reflections & Warnings Part 2 of 4
 
 
Aaron Russo- Reflections & Warnings Part 3 of 4
 
Aaron Russo- Reflections & Warnings Part 4 of 4 
 
COUP D’ETAT IN AMERICA VOLUME THREE
Coup D'Etat in America
 
Volume 3
Mr. Alan Weberman
ISBN:  9781520207209
 
 INDEPENDENT RESEARCH ASSOCIATE
318 3 RD Avenue Suite 520 NYC 10010
 
 
The Mysterious Doings of the CIA
America's Secret Agents
by Richard and Gladys Harkness
The Post presents its own special report on America's Silent Service - the super secret Central Intelligence Agency. Here revaleed for the first time, its methods, how it gets its operatives and its money and its accomplishments  - in Guatemala, Iran and behind the Iron Curtain.
 Declassified for releas after 50 years ...  23/11/2008  CIA - RDPA74-00297R000601240029-1
 
 
 
 
 
 
COUP D’ETAT IN AMERICA – VOLUME THREE
2
NODULE SEVEN EVERETT HOWARD HUNT
 
 
COUP D’ETAT IN AMERICA – VOLUME THREE
3
E. HOWARD HUNT: OCTOBER 9, 1918 TO 1943
 
 https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1995/04/10/oswald-in-the-ussr
 

Why Did Lee Harvey Oswald Go to Moscow?

In searching for evidence of espionage, the K.G.B. produced an intimate portrait of the man who assassinated John F. Kennedy.
Lee Harvey Oswald with his wife Marina and their daughter June.
Lee Harvey Oswald with his wife, Marina, and their daughter, June.Photograph from National Archives / Getty
 

I–MOSCOW

I’ve come to dissolve my American citizenship.

Rimma Shirakova loved to speak English. Rusty now, she could say, but she would conduct, if you will, every word of this interview in English, and she could tell the gentlemen who were speaking to her now that back then, for the Soviet people, 1957 had been an exciting year. After much preparation, Moscow had opened at that time a festival to establish human relations between foreigners and Russians in Moscow. It was the greatest event for changing life in the Soviet, she explained. Rimma was twenty in 1957, a student at Moscow Foreign Languages Institute, and she met a number of new people and spoke to foreigners and taught English to children.

Freedom was very great in that year, you see. There were so many young foreigners and young Russians all together. Foreigners heard about it and wanted to come for visits. So Intourist was started to arrange all the work for tours and visas, and Intourist took on many guides, which is how Rimma would say she got into it.

First of all, new employees took courses on how to become good at their work. That was connected to studying relevant material that guides should use. For example, Rimma took examinations on how to show their Kremlin Treasury. That was in June of 1959, and those who passed were offered a job in July; most of them were her fellow-students at their Foreign Languages Institute. In September, most of these people, to use King’s English, were sacked. Only those like herself, who showed excellent retention of facts, were accepted for permanent work.

Come autumn and winter of 1959, there were few tourists, but in general through 1959 there had been a good number of Americans, and a big business exhibition came and went in August. Rimma had worked with seventeen “boys.” That was how they introduced themselves: “boys.” They were governors from the Southern states of America, seventeen big boys, all of them with cameras. And Russian people in those days had a picture of Americans never being without their cameras.

One day in October of 1959, October 16th, Rimma was given the name of a man she was now assigned to take around in Moscow for five days. When she met him, however, she was surprised. He had not only arrived by Deluxe class—but he was taking his whole tour Deluxe. Only rich people travel in such a class. The most wealthy! How many can come alone Deluxe to Moscow for five days? So, she was expecting quite another kind of fellow, some gentleman who would be like an equal maybe to her governors of the Southern states, and they had not even been Deluxe. Only first class. Deluxe was two rooms to yourself, a suite. Naturally, she was expecting a middle-aged man who would be impressive. A dandy!

When she went, however, to the assigned section of the Berlin Hotel lobby to meet him, there was only a boy, slender, of medium height, wearing a dark-blue three-quarter autumn overcoat of inexpensive material and military boots with thick soles. Ordinary boots. From her point of view, someone travelling Deluxe should not look like this, certainly not! And this boy was pale, very pale. She would say he looked gloomy and nervous—yes, nervous, very nervous. He wasn’t calm.

She introduced herself and gave a preview of the program. Intourist had group plans for people on excursions, but now there was only Rimma and this Deluxe boy, who was to have everything private. So she offered him a sightseeing tour. He spoke quietly, but at first it could have been a closed door between them. He didn’t seem to know a single word in Russian, so Rimma spoke to him in English, about obtaining tickets to this or that theatre, and she went down a list of what to tour with him, but he showed no interest in excursions. This first morning, they went with a driver on a sightseeing tour around Moscow, and made stops. Their last one was Red Square, but the initiative for all of one hour and a half had been Rimma’s. He did not interrupt any of her tour stories; he asked no questions. Such an odd Deluxe tourist.

Then their morning tour was over and he returned to the Berlin Hotel and had his midday meal alone. Rimma just said she’d see him a little later. She was planning to take him to the Kremlin that afternoon. There was something about him, something maybe unusual, but he was nice. He was polite and getting more natural. But that afternoon, this first day, he began speaking about himself. They did not go to the Kremlin after all. He wanted to talk.

Naturally, she didn’t go to his suite: she would never do that. It wasn’t allowed. So they went out. It was warm, and they sat on a bench, and he repeated, “If you don’t mind, I don’t want to go on a tour.” Now, this was not against their rules; it was allowed, but it wasn’t considered a good idea.

Anyway, he began to say a few words about himself, that he was from Texas, had served as a U.S. marine, and had decided to go and see this country, Russia. He had read, he told Rimma, that Soviet people lived good, useful, and very peaceful lives.

 

Author: 'I Wanted To Explain To Kennedy Why He Died'16:26

 

 

 

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Lee Harvey Oswald and wife Marina Oswald say goodbye to Minsk on the first step of their journey to America. (U.S. National Archives & Records)
Lee Harvey Oswald and wife Marina Oswald say goodbye to Minsk on the first step of their journey to America. (U.S. National Archives & Records)

Priscilla Johnson McMillan knew both John F. Kennedy and the man who assassinated him, Lee Harvey Oswald.

She tells Here & Now's Robin Young that Kennedy was full of questions, "always asking you things, always asking questions, so I wanted to understand for him, why somebody would assassinate him. ... He would have wanted to know why somebody had nothing better to do than just go out and kill him, and that is what I wanted to answer."

To find the answer, McMillan lived with Oswald's widow for several months, helping to take care of her two young children. She also spoke with dozens of people who knew the couple, and went through all of the documents she could find.

Priscilla Johnson McMillan is author of "Marina and Lee." (Steerforth Press)
Priscilla Johnson McMillan is author of "Marina and Lee." (Steerforth Press)

The resulting book, "Marina and Lee: The Tormented Love and Fatal Obsession Behind Lee Harvey Oswald's Assassination of John F. Kennedy," which has just been re-released, was called, "the single best book ever written about the Kennedy assassination," one "not likely to be surpassed," and "the closest we'll ever get" to the mind of Kennedy's assassin.

McMillan's reporting led her to some surprising facts: A previously unknown assassination attempt on the Soviet leader Khrushchev that may have inspired Oswald. Oswald's attempted assassination of a noted segregationist and anti-communist, General Edwin Walker. Oswald's admiration for Kennedy.

  • Are you old enough to have memories of the Kennedy assassination? Share them in the comments or on our Facebook page.

So why is "Marina and Lee" not better known? In a new forward to the book (see excerpt below), noted American thriller writer Joseph Finder says it's because of the answer the book offers to that question of "why" — that Lee Harvey Oswald was a "twisted, small man ... far too angry, unbalanced, and delusional" to be part of a conspiracy.

Finder says that answer is unsatisfying, "because we like to think that great men make history. McMillan reminds us that small men do, too."

Finder writes that McMillan's book, "is alive to the small crevices of character — and to the vast and irreducible role of chance. Even today, half a century after the assassination, the cascade of contingencies McMillan documents is painful to absorb."

 

Book Excerpt: 'Marina and Lee'

By Priscilla Johnson McMillan

"Marina and Lee" book cover

Foreword by Joseph Finder

Shortly after President John F. Kennedy was assassinated, in November of 1963, a Gallup poll found that 52% of the American public believed that the assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald, was part of a conspiracy. In the fifty years since, that figure has climbed closer to 80%.

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You can understand why. It’s painful to accept that an American president was cut down by one small, half-crazy guy with a mail-order rifle who could easily have been stopped in any of a dozen different small ways—but wasn’t. No wonder Norman Mailer called the assassination “the largest mountain of mystery in the twentieth century. . . a black hole in space absorbing great funds of energy and never providing a satisfactory answer.”

The key word here is “satisfactory.” The simple explanation — that Oswald acted alone — was unpalatable.  The enormity of the crime didn’t fit the insignificance of the criminal. Far easier to imagine Oswald as a “cat’s paw” of a much larger scheme, engineered by invisible but all-powerful forces.

There’s something deeply consoling about conspiracy. As a writer of suspense fiction for whom conspiracy is a stock in trade, I know the gratifications of a world in which everything means something, everything adds up, everything is under the control of some grand human intention. We like to think that things happen for a reason, and that large things happen for large reasons.

The Warren Commission, established by President Lyndon Johnson a week after the assassination, was meant to set the record straight.  Its task was to reassure a grieving nation that everything was under control, that there hadn’t been a coup d’état, that the U.S. wasn’t, in Johnson’s phrase, a “banana republic.” Its published report gave us such turgid bureaucratese as “The Commission does not believe that the relations between Oswald and his wife caused him to assassinate the President” and “Many factors were undoubtedly involved in Oswald's motivation for the assassination, and the Commission does not believe that it can ascribe to him any one motive or group of motives. It is apparent, however, that Oswald was moved by an overriding hostility to his environment.”

All this bureaucratic caution had a paradoxical effect, however. The Oswald who emerged from the Warren Commission report’s twenty-six volumes was a blank slate. No wonder it was so densely inscribed with our worst suspicions. It didn’t help that Oswald was himself shot dead two days after the assassination, by a nightclub operator named Jack Ruby in the basement of Dallas police headquarters. The shooting of the shooter made him loom all the larger in our imagination. As Thomas Powers pointed out, “Lee Harvey Oswald in prison for decade after decade — surfacing in the news whenever parole boards met, but otherwise forgotten, like Sirhan Sirhan, James Earl Ray, Arthur Bremer, John Hinckley — would have faded back down to size. It is Oswald dead and unexplained that excites suspicion. We needed a good long look in order to forget him.”

That good long look didn’t come until 1977, with the publication of Marina and Lee by Priscilla Johnson McMillan. The timing could not have been worse. It was two years after the ignominious end of the Vietnam War and three years after Watergate.  The country had been through two more traumatic assassinations (Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King).  We were by then steeped in conspiracy thinking. Our distrust of politicians and government organizations was at fever pitch, shaped in part by the paranoid conspiracy thriller that had come into vogue in Hollywood: “The Parallax View” and “The Conversation” and “Chinatown” in 1974, “Three Days of the Condor” in 1975, “All the President’s Men” in 1976.

Marina and Lee offered a deep, nuanced, and spellbinding portrait of Oswald, as seen through the prism of the person who knew him best, his Russian wife, Marina.  But it gave us no sensational revelations, no grassy-knoll conspiracy talk.  What it offered instead was something far more unsettling: a portal to the life and times of a twisted, small man. The book was widely reviewed but its sales were modest. It wasn’t what the conspiracy-minded American public was in the mood to buy. McMillan’s book forces readers to confront something more vexing than a conspiracy: an absence of conspiracy.

It’s no less suspenseful for all that, in part because of the breathtaking intimacy of its character studies. The author’s gifts of observation are considerable. Yet she was also extraordinarily fortunate in the access that she enjoyed. A few months after the assassination, Oswald’s Russian widow, Marina Prusakova Oswald, was offered a choice of collaborators to write a book about her life with Lee. One was a Russian-born journalist named Isaac Don Levine, who’d written biographies of Lenin and Stalin.  But he was mostly interested in talking about politics, and Marina had no patience for that.  She wanted to talk about her tempestuous marriage.

The one writer Marina was drawn to was a thirty-six-year-old woman named Priscilla Johnson (later, Priscilla Johnson McMillan), who had a gentle, warm nature and an intriguing background.  McMillan had been a friend of John F. Kennedy’s — she had been an aide to him when he was in the Senate, and, pretty and socially connected, was a target of his attentions, though it never led to an affair.  She also spoke fluent Russian, which was crucial, since Marina’s facility with English was poor. She understood the idiosyncrasies of Soviet life, having spent several years in Russia as a young reporter.

By a startling coincidence, she had also known Marina’s husband. In November, 1959, as a reporter in Moscow, she had interviewed a twenty-year-old ex-Marine at the Metropole Hotel in Moscow named Lee Harvey Oswald, who’d announced he wanted to defect to the Soviet Union.

Marina Oswald and Priscilla Johnson McMillan hit it off immediately.  McMillan then signed a contract with Harper & Row for a book about Lee Oswald for which she received an advance of $60,000. Two-thirds of that went to Marina.  Marina signed a release giving McMillan a free hand to write whatever she wanted.

From July 1964 until the end of the year, McMillan all but moved in with Oswald’s young widow and her two small children in her ranch house outside Dallas. They cooked meals and traveled together. McMillan babysat Marina and Lee’s kids. They traded confidences. The terrible event was less than a year old, and its details were still fresh.  This was about as close as we could get to asking questions of Oswald himself.

McMillan had a difficult task.  Marina had been overinterviewed.  Fearing deportation to the Soviet Union, she had given different versions of her life to the FBI, the Secret Service, and the Warren Commission.  She was also wary, ashamed, and overwhelmed with guilt. Was she in some way to blame for his actions? She vacillated between wanting to condemn her late husband and wanting to defend him.

The result of McMillan’s immersive reporting is a full, rounded sense of Oswald’s character.  His sense of self swings wildly. At times he regards himself as a world-historical figure destined to change the course of human events; at other times, he’s a cruelly neglected victim. It was a highly volatile combination. He fancied himself a Marxist, lived in rooming houses under aliases and was a furtive, nasty man. He wrote in what he called his “Historic Diary” while singing the theme song to the Gary Cooper western “High Noon” (“Although you’re grievin’, I can’t be leavin’/Until I shoot Frank Miller dead”). He was far too angry, unbalanced and delusional to consent to be the cat’s paw of some gleaming cadre of conspirators.  (Only if you haven’t read Marina and Lee can you take Oswald’s famous jailhouse remark — “I’m just a patsy!” — at face value.) He’s a liar, a manipulator, a wife-beater, an odious human being, and finally a pathetic one. We like to think that great men make history. McMillan reminds us that small men do, too.

It’s a matter of being in the wrong place at the wrong time. The idea of assassination, McMillan believes, is highly contagious, like an influenza virus, and Oswald was infected, not once but on multiple occasions.  McMillan was the first to report that, in January of 1962, when Oswald was living in Minsk, there was an assassination attempt on Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev, probably by one of his own bodyguards, at a nearby hunting lodge.  Oswald heard about it from a relative of his new wife, Marina Prusakova.  The attempt was hushed up; no one outside Russia knew the details until McMillan’s book was published.  “If this had happened in America,” Oswald told Marina and her family, “it would have been in all the newspapers, and everyone would be talking about it.”

Seven months before that afternoon at Dealey Plaza, Oswald had tried to assassinate another political figure: the segregationist and right-wing hero General Edwin Walker.  Oswald had missed by one inch, and he was emboldened by how easy it had been — and how no one had ever found out. Neither the FBI nor the Dallas police had an inkling he’d tried.

McMillan’s book undermines all the conspiracy theories so successfully because it doesn’t set out to do so. Marina and Lee doesn’t polemicize; it portrays. It’s alive to the small crevices of character—and to the vast and irreducible role of chance.

Even today, half a century after the assassination, the cascade of contingencies McMillan documents is painful to absorb. Oswald had only learned of the route of the President’s motorcade a few days before, she establishes, when it was published in the Dallas newspapers. The shooting was practically a spur of the moment decision. Once he heard that the President’s limousine would be passing right by the building where he worked, he felt that Fate had put him there.  The President’s limousine looped right under his window.  (McMillan’s reconstruction of the day of the assassination, documentary yet novelistic, is as pulse-pounding as the finest thriller.)

Would Oswald have shot any politician who passed under his window?  Would he have traveled across town to shoot Kennedy if Kennedy hadn’t presented himself, in a slow-moving open-topped limousine, some eighty-eight yards from the Texas Schoolbook Depository? McMillan can’t say for sure, of course, but she doubts it.

And the cascade continues. What if the FBI hadn’t closed its investigation of Oswald —who changed his mind about defecting to the Soviet Union and returned to the U.S. in 1962—once they’d realized he wasn’t a Moscow-directed threat to national security? What if they hadn’t investigated Oswald at all? (McMillan speculates that the FBI’s repeated questioning of Oswald and his wife and their friends may paradoxically have inflated his delusional sense of his own importance and may have even emboldened him to go after the President.) What if Marina had agreed to his repeated pleas that she and their children move back in with him? What if it hadn’t been so easy to buy guns? What if the Secret Service had argued against JFK’s request to take down the protective bubble-top of his limo on that nice sunny day?

“The tragedy of the President’s assassination was in its terrible randomness,” McMillan writes. The task of coming to terms with this reality is the challenge that Marina and Lee bodies forth in meticulous, mesmerizing detail. For most Americans, that challenge remains unmet. The reissue of McMillan’s classic book is the perfect occasion to surrender the salve of conspiracy, and take that good, long look. The truth is out there. Just turn the page and start reading.

Joseph Finder, 2013

Excerpted from the book MARINA AND LEE by Priscilla Johnson McMillan. 

by Priscilla Johnson McMillan. Reprinted with permission of Steerforth Press. Originally published in 1977 by Harper & Row.

https://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2013/11/07/lee-harvey-oswald

Pete Gregory, the author’s father, seated center left, translating as Secret Service agents questioned Marina Oswald days after the Kennedy assassination.
Pete Gregory, the author’s father, seated center left, translating as Secret Service agents questioned Marina Oswald days after the Kennedy assassination.Credit...Mason Lankford
 
Pete Gregory, the author’s father, seated center left, translating as Secret Service agents questioned Marina Oswald days after the Kennedy assassination.

It was 7 a.m. on Sunday when the single phone at the bottom of the stairs echoed through my parents’ red-brick house, right off Monticello Park in Fort Worth. “Mr. Gregory,” a woman said as my father picked up, “I need your help.” Who are you? he asked in his Texas-Russian accent, still half-asleep.

The caller said only that she had been a student in his Russian language course at our local library, and that he knew her son. In that instant, my father, Pete Gregory, linked the voice to a nurse who sat in the back of his class and had once identified herself as “Oswald.” Until this phone call, he hadn’t realized that she was the mother of Lee Harvey Oswald, a Marine who had defected to the Soviet Union only to return two and a half years later with a Russian wife and a 4-month-old daughter. My father helped Lee and his young family get settled in Fort Worth a year earlier. The Oswalds had been my friends.

My father now understood that the woman on the other end of the line, Marguerite Oswald, must have taken his class to communicate with her daughter-in-law, Marina, who spoke little English. It was also clear why she needed his help. Two days earlier, Marguerite’s son shot the president of the United States. While Lee Harvey Oswald was sitting in a Dallas jail cell, his wife and mother and two young daughters were hiding out at the Executive Inn, a commuter hotel near the airport, where they were taken and then abandoned by a team of Life magazine staff members. Marina Oswald had become the most wanted witness in America. She needed a translator fast.

Hours after the Kennedy assassination, my parents and I experienced the shared horror of realizing that the Lee Oswald we knew, the one who had been in our house and sat at our dinner table, was the same man who had just been accused of killing the president. The Secret Service first knocked on my parents’ door at 3 a.m. on the morning of Nov. 23, 1963. The following day, just 45 minutes after my father hung up with Marguerite, an agent named Mike Howard picked him up and drove him to a Howard Johnson’s on the Fort Worth-Dallas Turnpike, where they met Robert Oswald, Lee’s brother. As the family’s translator of choice, my father was now part of the plan to get the Oswald women out of the dingy hotel room and into a safe house that Robert had arranged at his in-law’s farm, north of the city, so Marina could be questioned.

 

The scene at the Executive Inn was worse than my father had expected. Marina, already thin, appeared extremely gaunt; she was having difficulty breast-feeding Rachel, her younger daughter, who was not yet 5 weeks old. Marguerite, on the other hand, was having a fit; she refused to be sent out to the sticks, as she put it. My father talked her down, but as the men began packing the car, Agent Howard whispered that Lee Harvey Oswald had just been shot. Robert Oswald left for the hospital, but Howard and my father agreed not to mention the news to Marina or Marguerite yet.

On the car ride to the safe house, Marina pleaded with the agents to stop at the house of her friend, Ruth Paine, in Irving, Tex., to pick up extra children’s supplies. But reporters were already camped out in front of Paine’s yard, so the group was diverted to the home of the city’s police chief, C. J. Wirasnik. And it was there that my father told Marina, in Russian, that her husband just died. Marina, who never knew her father, said that she couldn’t bear that her two children would also grow up without one. Weeping uncontrollably, Marguerite shouted that, as an American citizen, she had as much right to see her son’s body as Jackie Kennedy had to see her husband’s. So eventually the group headed to Parkland Hospital, where Oswald had been taken and where a belligerent crowd was already growing outside. The doctors advised Marina against viewing Oswald’s body, which was yellow and pale, his face bruised, but Marina insisted; she wanted to see the wound that killed him. A doctor pulled up the sheet to reveal the area in his torso where Jack Ruby shot him.

With Oswald dead, Marina’s testimony became even more important, and the Secret Service immediately diverted the group to the nearby Inn of the Six Flags, ushering everyone into adjoining rooms 423 and 424. A single armed detective patrolled the grounds as Marina chain-smoked and drank coffee and was asked questions about Lee’s rifle, a photo of him holding the assassination weapon and his various associates. My father, who was then 59, translated furiously. All the while, Marguerite insisted that her son should be buried in Arlington National Cemetery, and Robert patiently set out to find a funeral home that would bury the man accused of being the president’s assassin.

The next day, Monday morning, the Secret Service tried to keep the television set off, but Marina — once again drinking coffee and chain-smoking, with tears streaming down her face — insisted on watching the state funeral of John F. Kennedy. She had long admired the first lady and asked her husband to translate any magazine articles she could find about the president. She continued watching the broadcast until the agents had to rush her out so she could attend her own husband’s funeral at the Rose Hill Cemetery. That afternoon, the Lutheran minister failed to show up, and a number of reporters pitched in as pallbearers. After Marina returned to Six Flags, humiliated by the rushed service, my father consoled her by translating a telegram from a group of college students. “We send you our heartfelt sympathy,” the message read. “We understand your sorrow and share it. We are ashamed that such a thing could happen in our country. We beg you not to think ill of us.”

My father recounted that weekend’s events to me a few days later over Thanksgiving dinner, when I returned home from the University of Oklahoma, where I had just begun graduate school. Through my father, I had become a close — or, as Robert Oswald would later say, almost the only — friend of Lee and Marina Oswald’s from virtually the moment they arrived in Fort Worth, in June 1962, until the end of that November. While that five-month period might seem fleeting, it was a significant period in Oswald’s life. He was never in the same place for long. By age 17, he had already moved some 20 times. Then he dropped out of high school and joined the Marines, before being released and traveling to Moscow. He avoided deportation by attempting suicide and was sent to Minsk, where he met Marina. In the year and a half after he returned to the United States, he moved several more times. My friendship with him was perhaps the longest he’d ever had.

 

My family tried to put those tragic events behind us, but over the ensuing decades, as I became an academic and a research fellow at the Hoover Institution at Stanford, I felt compelled to combine my memories and the historical record to present my own sense of Oswald. Most Americans believe that Oswald shot Kennedy. Yet according to one recent A.P. poll, only a quarter of Americans believe that one man acted alone to kill Kennedy. “Would Oswald,” as Norman Mailer wrote, “pushed to such an extreme, have the soul of a killer?” As I pored back over those months, I realized that I was watching that soul take shape.

From nearly the moment I met Lee Harvey Oswald, it seemed that he felt the world had sized him up wrong. He wasn’t much of a student, and the Marines overlooked his talent. But now his luck was changing. As virtually the only American living in Minsk, he became something of a celebrity in that provincial capital. Oswald assumed his experience as an American living in the Soviet Union during the height of the Cold War would be tremendously valuable, and he was already drafting a memoir. He kept a journal, which he labeled “Historic Diary.” When he, Marina and little June touched down at Love Field, on June 14, 1962, he greeted his brother Robert by asking where the reporters were.

Marina Oswald, with her daughter June and Lee’s mother, Marguerite, holding the younger daughter, Rachel, at Parkland Hospital after Oswald was shot.
Marina Oswald, with her daughter June and Lee’s mother, Marguerite, holding the younger daughter, Rachel, at Parkland Hospital after Oswald was shot.Credit...Mason Lankford
 
Marina Oswald, with her daughter June and Lee’s mother, Marguerite, holding the younger daughter, Rachel, at Parkland Hospital after Oswald was shot.

A week and a half after his return, he went to the 15th floor of the Continental Life Building in downtown Fort Worth. Earlier that morning, my father, a successful petroleum engineer, received a call from a young man who wanted certification of fluency in Russian. Rather than tell him that there wasn’t much of a market for a Russian translator in 1960s Texas, my father, who fled Siberia during the civil war, welcomed the chance to meet this fellow Russian speaker in person. He told him to come in for a meeting.

Around 11 a.m., with the temperature climbing into the 90s, a slight, 22-year-old Oswald arrived, drenched with sweat and wearing a wool suit. My father asked Oswald to translate passages from a Russian book he chose at random, and he was surprised at how well the young man performed. He asked his secretary to type out a “to whom it may concern” letter stating that one Lee Harvey Oswald was qualified to work as a translator, but he also told him that he knew of no jobs in the area that required knowledge of Russian. To soften the blow, he invited Oswald to lunch at the Hotel Texas, a block from his office, with its bustling dining room filled with deal-making oilmen, bankers and lawyers gnawing on Melba toast, a specialty. As they ordered their lunch, my father tried to engage Oswald about his wife and life in contemporary Russia, but the young man volunteered little about how a former Marine and Fort Worth resident could end up in Minsk other than to say enigmatically that he had “gone to the Soviet Union on my own.” Upon parting, Oswald offered the address and telephone number of his brother Robert, with whom he and his wife were staying, just in case anything came up.

Nothing did, of course, but there were so few émigrés in the area that the Dallas Russians, as my family called a group of their friends, felt protective of their own. A few days later, my father decided to check up on Oswald and his wife, and because I was around their age and home for the summer, he took me along. When we pulled up to the house on Davenport Street, we were greeted warmly by Robert Oswald, a tall and well-spoken man, who had served in the Marines and was working his way up to management at Acme Brick Company. Lee, by contrast, was restrained. He was short and wiry, his hairline noticeably receding, and he spoke with a Southern accent, not Texan, perhaps a relic of time spent in New Orleans during his youth.

Lee and Robert invited us in to meet Marina, who was slender, almost fragile, with a natural beauty. (Lee was one of several suitors back in Minsk.) She smiled rarely, if at all — a typical victim of Soviet dentistry, she was ashamed of her teeth. Lee explained to his wife in Russian that he had invited over a pair of fellow Russian speakers as a favor. And so my father, Pete, led the discussion by asking her questions about their voyage to the U.S., life in Minsk and what it was like to be a young person in the Soviet Union. Marina answered most of the questions, speaking quietly and occasionally showing photographs.

About a week later, my father and I drove 10 minutes from our house to Lee and Marina Oswald’s new home, a cramped one-bedroom duplex near the Montgomery Ward building. Their yard had a hardscrabble lawn burned yellow by the Texas summer sun, and the front door stood on a little porch, up a single concrete step. My father was taken by Marina. She was an engaging young woman who had already overcome a great deal — she was reared in a war-ravaged St. Petersburg (then Leningrad) littered with unmarked graves — and he wanted to help her. He asked Marina if she would offer me Russian lessons. Before we even set a fee, Marina agreed to see me twice a week. She seemed happy for the company..

The next Tuesday, at around 6 p.m., Marina invited me in for my first lesson. The Oswald living room was extraordinarily bare; there was a shabby sofa and chair and a worn coffee table where a copy of Time magazine featuring John F. Kennedy as its Man of the Year was prominently displayed. (The issue, which would curiously remain in the same place during all my visits, was dated Jan. 5, five months before the Oswalds’ arrival in the U.S.) We sat there uncomfortably for some 20 to 30 minutes until Lee burst in the door, dressed in his customary simple slacks, a plaid shirt with open collar and sleeves rolled up to the elbows, carrying a stack of weighty books from the Fort Worth public library. The conversation segued to the Time cover; Marina ventured that the president appeared to be a nice man and that the first lady, at least from the pictures she had seen, appeared quite glamorous. She also said that she seemed to be a good mother. Lee, in his curt way, agreed.

As our first session came to an end, we decided that future lessons would take the form of my driving the Oswalds around town and having Marina correct my practical Russian as I pointed out landmarks. This, we reasoned, would be better for my language skills and help Marina learn the city. But we all knew it would also greatly benefit their ability to run errands. At the time, I thought that Lee, who did not have a driver’s license, seemed to recognize that I was doing his young family a favor. As I was leaving their house, he raced to the bedroom and returned with a faded pocket English-Russian dictionary that he used during his time in Minsk. “Take this,” Lee told me. Only later did I realize that Oswald was showing off in front of Marina, pointing out that he didn’t need the dictionary but that I did.

On a typical lesson evening, I would show up around 6:30, when Lee got home from his welder’s job. We would climb into my yellow Buick and drive by department stores or Montgomery Ward, and I’d bring them back home by 10. These were lean times for the Oswalds, but they weren’t without hope. During a trip to the Fort Worth Botanic Garden, Oswald exuded an air of optimism. He was back in America with a beautiful wife and an adorable daughter; his life ahead promised more study and a possible university degree; a publisher would surely understand the value of his memoir, and he could use it as a platform to further the socialist causes in which he believed. Marina would understand what kind of man he really was.

But over the course of those months, it became harder for him to convince her of his exceptionalism. Early that summer, Lee brought home a catalog and class schedule from Texas Christian University, and we eventually decided to drive to the T.C.U. campus so Lee could talk to a school official. He dressed for the occasion, as I remember it, in dark slacks and a white shirt, but when we arrived, he motioned for Marina and me to wait at a distance while he had a whispered consultation with the woman at a desk. They spoke for a while, but when Lee rejoined us, he was sullen and quiet. (At the time, I didn’t realize he hadn’t graduated from high school.) On other nights, the Oswalds would walk down the aisles of the inexpensive Leonard Brothers department store and whisper intently beside the produce section before a final selection was made. Lee, who controlled the budget, would then haggle over prices, particularly with meat. (He often did so, almost humorously, with a smile on his face.) We usually left with only one bag of groceries, which kept the Oswalds going for a week.

On these shopping trips, I soon realized, Marina couldn’t help noticing that other mothers were buying more, dressing better and even driving their own cars. At the same time, she seemed to be tiring of her husband’s radical ideas. During one of Lee’s lectures about Castro’s Cuba, Marina, who had lived her whole life under Communism, interrupted to say that the Soviet Union was foolishly spending its precious resources to prop up Cuba. They had so little in Minsk anyway, she said, why waste money on a faraway nation that offered her fellow citizens little besides expensive sugar? Though he constantly toted volumes about politics and eagerly name-checked “The Communist Manifesto” and “Das Kapital,” it soon became clear to me that Oswald had no real understanding of Communism beyond Marx’s appeal for workers to unite.

At the bottom of the Oswalds’ conflict, I thought, was Lee’s refusal to let Marina learn English. He argued that it would jeopardize his fluency in Russian, but more important, it was a way he leveraged control over her. During one visit to a Rexall drugstore that August, Lee became visibly angry when a pharmacist offered to hire Marina, who had worked at a hospital pharmacy in Minsk, once her language skills improved. The job, after all, could have made her the family breadwinner. That rage would resurface later that month as we exited the duplex one evening. Marina took a step backward and fell, thumping her head on the hard, dry ground and dropping June. The thud was so loud that I feared she might be seriously injured; Lee, however, screamed at her for her clumsiness as she lay curled on the ground clutching for her baby. Even after he realized June was fine, he didn’t speak to Marina for the rest of the night.

After a couple of months of lessons, my parents’ Russian émigré circle became curious about my new friends. So on Aug. 25, 1962, we invited the Oswalds to a small dinner party at our house. George Bouhe, a dapper bachelor who took it upon himself to be a one-man social-service department for new Russian-speaking immigrants, was particularly eager to meet Marina. After all, they each grew up in what is now St. Petersburg. But as a true patriot of his adopted country, he was wary of her husband for leaving the U.S. for the Soviet Union.

Soon after I arrived with the Oswalds, Marina and Bouhe repaired to the living room. He brought along maps of St. Petersburg at various stages of its history, and they spread them out on the floor and huddled together, pointing at various landmarks. Bouhe was impressed that Marina spoke educated Russian and that her grandmother had attended an exclusive girls’ school. Marina also disclosed that her grandmother was religious, which was particularly pleasing to Bouhe because he organized Russian Orthodox services in Dallas. After a short while, he concluded that he would do whatever he could for this young woman, even if that meant helping her husband, who had sulked off to the den, waiting to be called to the table.

 
Image
A postcard to Paul Gregory from the Oswalds, November 1962.
A postcard to Paul Gregory from the Oswalds, November 1962.Credit...Postcard from the Hoover Institution
 
A postcard to Paul Gregory from the Oswalds, November 1962.

When dinner was served, Bouhe kept things light by asking Lee and Marina about life in Minsk. Yet I recall that his companion for the evening, a Russian woman named Anna Meller, couldn’t resist asking the question we all secretly wanted answered — why had Lee defected to the Soviet Union? Lee, who had been on his best behavior and even wore a sports jacket to dinner, suddenly became agitated and defensive. His voice rose, but what came out were canned slogans — he left because capitalism was a terrible system, it exploited the workers, the poor got nothing and so forth. Meller would not let him off the hook, though. The Soviet Union was a miserable place to live, she continued, so why had he left a country that was so wonderful and hospitable? Lee responded defensively that, yes, he did not think that the party faithful believed in Communism anymore but that this did not make America a great place.

Later in the evening, Bouhe and Meller began to insist that Marina needed to learn English if she was to survive in America. In fact, Bouhe noted, he had arranged English lessons for many Russian émigrés; he could do the same for her. Now Lee’s voice rose again. If he allowed Marina to learn English, he said, his Russian would suffer, and it was very important that he retain his fluency. Anna Meller could scarcely control her anger over his selfish behavior. Dinner ended abruptly.

As the summer drew to a close, before I returned to Norman for my senior year at O.U., I went to the Oswalds’ for my final language lesson. Because we had never agreed on a fee for my lessons, my father and I decided to pay Marina $35. It was a considerable sum (at one time, Lee gave her $2 a week from his earnings), but she refused it immediately — friends, she said, did not accept money from one another. After I insisted, she said she had never had such a sum of money in her life and planned to go right to Montgomery Ward. As a sign of her gratitude, she gave me a memento from her days in the Communist youth league — a pin of Lenin’s image, chin jutted out in a defiant but thoughtful pose. I accepted her gift gratefully and noticed that Bouhe and Meller seemed to have provided a playpen, used clothes and other amenities in the Oswald home. (In the past, I saw baby June sleep on a blanket atop a suitcase.) I asked Marina whether she had followed Bouhe’s urgings and begun to learn English. She shrugged. She would get around to it one of these days, she said.

Two months later, I peered into the mailbox of my student walk-up in Norman and extracted a penny postcard, which had been handwritten and posted two days earlier from 602 Elsbeth Street, Dallas. “Dear Paul!” it read, “We have moved to Dallas where we have found a nice apartment and I have found work in a very nice place, we would like you too [sic] come and see us as soon as you get a chance,” before eventually signing off in Russian. I was certainly relieved to hear that the Oswalds were doing well, and I assumed, from the spelling and punctuation mistakes, that Marina had written the letter and was getting the hang of English. I wrote her a response telling her as much, politely suggesting a few points about punctuation. Marina had always seemed eager to impress on me the finer points of grammar during our Russian conversations. I assumed she would appreciate the thought.

But a week and a half later, after I returned to my parents’ home for Thanksgiving, I answered our single phone at the bottom of the staircase. Marina, who was calling from Robert Oswald’s house in Fort Worth, said immediately: “I did not write that letter. Lee did.” Her tone told me all I needed to know; Lee had been deeply insulted and mortified by my response. Marina then told me she was unhappy. She hinted at physical abuse and explained that she had left him only to reconcile after he pleaded for her to attend Thanksgiving at his brother’s house. For the time being, he was treating her better, but she did not know for how long. Would I mind coming over? Perhaps a visit might remind them of better times.

I arrived at Robert’s house as the guests were leaving and then drove Lee, Marina and June back to our house. We said hello to my parents and went into the kitchen to prepare some turkey sandwiches. I tried to keep the conversation casual, but Marina began complaining about Lee even as he sat beside her, largely silent. He treated her Russian friends poorly, she said, and tried to keep her isolated in the house, doing the grocery shopping himself. I listened uncomfortably, sensing his hostility at me for suggesting that he, a self-styled intellectual keeping a “Historic Diary,” could not write or punctuate any better than someone just learning English. After an hour or so, I drove them downtown to the bus station for their ride back to Dallas. Marina waved goodbye from the steps. It was Nov. 22, 1962. I never saw them again.

On the Saturday morning after Kennedy was killed, I was sitting in my small apartment in Norman when a Secret Service agent and the local chief of police arrived and took me some 20 miles down I-35 to Oklahoma City for questioning. As we drove, I began telling them about how I met Oswald, the evenings driving around Fort Worth, the Dallas Russians and how a college kid got caught up with an accused assassin. After they escorted me into a nondescript conference room in a downtown building, the agents homed in on the question of the day, which, of course, has lingered over the past 50 years: Did I think Oswald worked alone or was part of a larger conspiracy? I told them simply that, if I were organizing a conspiracy, he would have been the last person I would recruit. He was too difficult and unreliable.

Over the years, despite public-opinion polls, many others have agreed. The opening of formerly secret archives in Russia indicate that the K.G.B. didn’t want to recruit Oswald. Cuban intelligence officers, a K.G.B. agent or two, Mafia bosses and even C.I.A. officers (including, supposedly, members of Nixon’s “plumbers” team) have somehow been tied to Oswald’s actions that day, but it’s difficult to understand how these conspiracy theories would have worked. Oswald, after all, fled the Texas School Book Depository by Dallas’s notably unreliable public-transportation system.

It’s discomfiting to think that history could have been altered by such a small player, but over the years, I’ve realized that was part of Oswald’s goal. I entered his life at just the moment that he was trying to prove, particularly to his skeptical wife, that he was truly exceptional. But during those months, his assertion was rapidly losing credibility. Marina would later tell the Warren Commission, through a translator, about “his imagination, his fantasy, which was quite unfounded, as to the fact that he was an outstanding man.” Perhaps he chose what seemed like the only remaining shortcut to going down in history. On April 10, 1963, Oswald used a rifle with a telescopic sight to fire a bullet into the Dallas home of Maj. Gen. Edwin Walker, the conservative war hero, narrowly missing his head. Oswald told his wife about the assassination attempt, but she never told authorities before Kennedy’s death.

Seven months later, a far greater target would be scheduled to pass by the very building where he worked. As Priscilla Johnson McMillan writes in her book, “Marina and Lee,” the president’s route under Oswald’s workplace might have convinced him that fate had provided a unique opportunity. “The whole series of frustrations had now brought him to this final stage,” Robert Oswald writes in his memoir. “The discouragements and disappointments beginning in his childhood, continuing through the school years and the years in the Marines, the death of his dream of a new life in Russia, the boring jobs back in the United States, which made it impossible to support Marina adequately and gain some recognition as a man . . . the whole pattern of failure throughout most of his 23 years led to the outbursts of violence in April and the final tragedy in November 1963.”

Robert Oswald told me in September that he had not talked to Marina in quite a while. When I reached him by phone at his home, he had the wary tone of a man who has spent half a century answering for someone else. He recalled my father fondly (“Pete Gregory was a good guy,” he said) but politely refused to recount his experience yet again. Agent Mike Howard of the Secret Service told me he had not spoken to Marina since the exhumation of Lee Harvey Oswald’s body in 1981. But he recalled with clarity the frantic image of Marguerite Oswald roaming around the suite at Six Flags; he also remembered that she hid a bayonet under a pillow.

Two years after the Kennedy assassination, Marina married Kenneth Porter, an electronics technician who has effectively protected her from the media. They had a son and now live in a central Texas town, not far from Dallas. This summer, with the 50th anniversary of the J.F.K. assassination looming, I sent Marina a personal letter and a written recollection of our time together and followed up this fall with a phone call. Her husband answered and confirmed that Marina had received the package but said that she had not read my reflections and did not wish to speak. Their son,

Mark Porter, listened to my stories about his mother’s arrival in Fort Worth in 1962 but declined to be interviewed.

Fifty years later, I would love to ask Marina Oswald Porter why that Time magazine never moved, what happened when Lee received my letter in Dallas and why she has continued to make her home so near the place where tragedy struck. On the other hand, I would also just like to speak with an old friend. Fifty years is a long time.

This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. is the Cullen professor of economics at the University of Houston and a research fellow at the Hoover Institution at Stanford. His most recent book is ‘‘Women of the Gulag: Portraits of Five Remarkable Lives.’’

Editor: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

A version of this article appears in print on Nov. 10, 2013, Page 36 of the Sunday Magazine with the headline: This Close to a Killer. 
 
COUP D’ETAT IN AMERICA – VOLUME THREE
NODULE SEVEN

EVERETT HOWARD HUNT
 
The FBI also reported: "We located no articles indicating Mr. Nixon planned a trip to Dallas during the aforementioned period (May 15, 1963 to October 1, 1963)...We contacted Mr. Nixon’s office and ascertained that Miss Rosemary Woods did not have the article in question, but she believed such article did appear in a Dallas newspaper..." The FBI interrogated Nixon on February 28, 1964:
On February 28, 1964, the Honorable Richard M. Nixon, former Vice President of the U.S., was contacted by Assistant Director in Charge of the New York Office, John F. Malone, and furnished the following information: Mr. Nixon advised that the only 
time he was in Dallas, Texas, during 1963 was two days prior to the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. He vaguely thought there was some invitation extended during the early part of 1963, probably in April, for him to come to Dallas, but that it never materialized, nor did he give any consideration to going there. Mr. Nixon could not even recall the circumstances surrounding the invitation, but did observe that conceivably there could have been some publicity indicating that he had been invited to come to Dallas. Mr. Nixon said that if anything more concrete comes to his mind or after his secretary checks his records, which would indicate the circumstances surrounding this, he would immediately notify the FBI. He did say positively that he had no intention of visiting Dallas during April 1963. [WCE 1973]
Isaac Don Levine

ISAAC DON LEVINE

https://spartacus-educational.com/RUSlevineID.htm

Isaac Don Levine was born in Mozyr, Russia, on 19th January, 1892. Levine became a socialist and became involved in anti-tsarist political activity. In 1911 he emigrated to the United States and settled in Missouri.

Levine became a journalist and found work with The Kansas City Star. In 1917 he covered the Bolshevik Revolution for The New York Herald Tribune. His reports eventually were turned into a book, The Russian Revolution (1917). He would return to Russia in the early 1920s to cover the Russian Civil War for The Chicago Daily News. In the 1930s he worked as a columnist for William Randolph Hearst. Levine also wrote a critical biography of Joseph Stalin, entitled Stalin (1931).

 
ISAAC DON LEVINE, ALGER HISS AND RICHARD NIXON
Isaac Don Levine, an associate of Richard Nixon, collaborated with General Walter Krivitsky, a Soviet defector, on a book titled, I Was in Stalin's Secret Service. In 1939 General Walter Krivitsky was found mysteriously dead in a hotel room. In 1939 Isaac Don Levine met with Whitaker Chambers, who worked for the 
Department of State, and Adolf Berle, the head State Department's Office of Security. Whitaker Chambers alerted Adolf Berle to the existence of Communist espionage at the State Department.
Isaac Don Levine helped persuade Whitaker Chambers to testify against Alger Hiss, a State Department official, during Alger Hiss' espionage
trial in 1948. Isaac Don Levine testified at this trial: he said that Whitaker Chambers had told him in 1939 that Alger Hiss had destroyed all evidence linking him to the Soviets, except for some typewritten pages (typed on a 'Woodstock' typewriter) and microfilm (later found in a pumpkin).

 
THE WOODSTOCK TYPEWRITER
Nixon told White House Counsel John Dean, "We built the typewriter in the Hiss case." Author Tony Summers reported that in
1960 the FBI considered using forgery to neutralize a member of the Communist Party by "exposing" him to his colleagues as an FBI
informant. The scheme involved typewriter forgery. J. Edgar Hoover remarked: "To alter a typewriter to match a known model would take
a large amount of typewriter specimens and weeks of laboratory work." [Summers Secret Life Hoover p167] Alger Hiss insisted the
incriminating documents produced by the prosecution had been 
typed on a fake model Woodstock typewriter deliberately
constructed by his enemies to match his own. Alger Hiss was convicted of perjury, not espionage. Author David Leigh reported
that BRIDE, an National Security Administration code-breaking program, "gave clues which led to the prosecution of Hiss." [Wilson
Plot p6] In 1992 the head of Russian Military Intelligence was advised that a search had been completed of the now-defunct KGB
records for traces on Alger Hiss. There were none, although written records may have not been kept. Richard Nixon attempted to frame Alger Hiss for espionage. Isaac Don Levine was tied to Eastern European exile groups and was a trustee of the American Committee for Liberation from Bolshevism. This committee, under the guiding hand of Frank Wisner, funded numerous émigré research institutes that employed ex-Nazi intelligence officers.
[Loftus CAIB Winter 1986; Ziger Memo To: Rankin Fm: Slawson 9.6.64; Levine WC Test pp.14-16] Levine was an associate of
Cuban exile Mario Kohly. In 1964, during the Warren Commission Hearings, Isaac Don Levine told Allen Dulles:

I ascribe utmost importance to the whole matter of these Argentines. The two girls [the daughters of Alexander Ziger]. They were in Minsk, but Marina has address of relative in the United States. Marina and LLE Oswald smuggled out a letter or a manuscript for the Argentine family with them when they came...It was not clear whether it was he or she who smuggled it. I was surprised and asked her how did Lee take out something like that? Well, the implication was rather nice -- that he was warm- hearted -- that he was kind. They were stuck and it had to do with a communication to one relative in the United States and others in Argentina. To try to get those two girls out and never had a word. The old
folks had given up their Argentine citizenship, but the girls were born in Argentina and claimed that by right
as their citizenship. Mr. Dulles, if their [emigration] could be arranged, it would be worthwhile. The Soviet Union is not going to hold two Argentine
citizens even though they were friends of Oswald’s.
They are not quite that smart" Allen Dulles replied it was a matter of finding the right contacts, possibly the Argentine Ambassador to the Soviet Union, and having him intervene. Isaac Don Levine wanted Allen
Dulles to have the CIA contact the Argentines "to set
the machinery in motion.

Isaac Don Levine became a director of the CIA proprietary, Radio  
Liberty, in 1970.

ISAAC DON LEVINE AND MARINA OSWALD

Isaac Don Levine contacted Marina Oswald regarding their collaborating on a book. The FBI reported:

James Hunt, CIA, furnished the following information to the Liaison Agent on March 27, 1964. Isaac Don Levine has been collecting material for a book concerning Oswald. This book is scheduled to be published in April 1964. Levine allegedly has spent considerable time with the widow of the Subject. Hunt explained that the CIA's source for this information was Hede Massing, who is known to the Bureau.
Massing has been in contact with Levine. [FBI 105- 82555-2184]

There were widespread deletions in a CIA document describing the relationship between Isaac Don Levine and the Nixon
incident. William Branigan commented, "Levine was pursuing Marina as a source of information. That would be the only reason.
Because Marina was involved in the Walker shooting. At any rate, it didn't amount to anything. To me it was something. You don't try to
shoot somebody and then try to keep it all quiet. Marina was a little bit involved in that. She had to be. I don't know much about the
Oswald/Nixon thing." [Tel. Interview w/Branigan] In February 1964 William Branigan wrote: "Information developed by the Dallas office
casts considerable doubt on the validity of the story related by Marina Oswald." [FBI 105-82555-2177] Ruth Paine commented, 
Levine was a semi-retired journalist. He and his wife traveled across the country twice a year, then returned to the Washington area. He stopped by occasionally. He was one of the most interesting people I met. He came to the States as a teenagerfrom Russia. He explained to me the various branches and fractions and factions of communism. I had a feeling that he would understand some of the gyrations of Oswald’s thinking - he never had a
chance to talk directly to Oswald. I didn't know of his connection with the Hiss case. Warren Commission Counsel David Slawson questioned Isaac Don Levine about the Nixon incident. Isaac Don Levine:
The Nixon story. I suppose that you know that I went to see Rose Mary Woods since I saw you and Nixon’s papers are now brought from San Francisco to the New York office. The first I heard of it was from Jim Martin [the business manager of Marina Oswald] during the last week in January. He told me about it and said that of course this is something that Marina herself would not want to talk about, but he wanted me to know about it. He didn't say at the time [when he got the information]. Before I left Dallas he said he got it from his wife Wanda, whereupon when he was in Oklahoma I drove out with my wife and we visited Wanda alone. She told us the story as it happened that Marina one evening in conversation opened up and told her that a week or so after the attempt on the life of General Edwin Walker, he came home disgusted. He had been out hunting for Nixon who had been reported as due to attend some sort of  Dallas affair. She naturally tried to quiet him and do what she could...He had been out with the rifle...He dressed neatly, put on his best suit, necktie, shirt and was going out with the rifle, and he went into a tirade 
saying he was going to get that so and so. When I finally got to Miss Rosemary Woods and she told me the girl was out in California bringing the Nixon papers, she gave me the following information. She believed that a certain Tad or Ted Smith, an influential Republican, maybe Treasurer - had sent an invitation some time before for Nixon to attend a Republican fund raising dinner; she thought there was one piece in the press announcing Nixon’s invitation and acceptance. There may have been a radio announcement, maybe a Walter Winchell column. I looked for straight news from April 10, 1963, onwards.
Levine continued: "Last week I spoke on the phone to ROSE MARY WOODS and she said that they are short staffed, and there are many immense cartons, and she doesn't know whether they can get into it and check on the invitation dates and who it came from."

Evidence suggested Isaac Don Levine coached Marina Oswald into saying that Nixon had been another potential victim of Oswald. At first, Maurice Carlson remembered the Nixon was asked to visit Dallas in late April 1963. No invitation or clipping that indicated Nixon was to be in Dallas surfaced. How could Oswald have known that Nixon had been asked to visit Dallas? He did not know Maurice Carlson. Levine claimed that Marina told Wanda Martin about the Nixon Incident. Recently released Warren Commission documents indicated Marina Oswald was having sexual intercourse with James Martin, and that Marina Oswald told his wife about it. This would not have made Wanda Martin someone who Marina Oswald was likely to confide in. The HSCA asked Marina Oswald how the information about the Nixon incident got into the press:

A. Well, to tell you the truth, right now I don't remember how this information about the Nixon
incident got to the Secret Service or I told him [Martin] my own or somebody. I really do not recall right now how it got into the press or knowledgeable to you and everybody else.

Q. Well, you must have -
A. I do not remember who was the first one that I told that.
Q. But you told somebody.

A. Of course I did, nobody cooked this up.

Marina Oswald "cooked up" this story. The HSCA conceded that "Marina Oswald, because of her testimony, played a central but
troubling role in the investigation of the Warren Commission. A great deal of what the Commission sought to show about Oswald rested on her testimony, yet she gave incomplete and inconsistent statements at various times to the Secret Service, FBI and the Commission..." [HSCA R p55]

The Warren Commission concluded: "Regardless of what Oswald may have said to his wife, he was not actually planning to shoot Mr. Nixon that time in Dallas...and the incident was of no probative value."

Marina Oswald told this researcher in 1994:

But why would I make one more thing against him if it didn't happen? He took his clothes off and sat in the bathroom. I do not know if he was testing me or not.
You can check it out if Nixon was coming there.
There was no publicity? That's fine and dandy. He said he go by newspaper. How stupid or dumb that incident is, it happened. What was behind it, I do not know. He never went that day. But he mentioned Nixon that day. I would tell you by now if that was a lie or this or that. What the motives were, I had no idea. It happened after the Walker incident and I was terrified. It had nothing to do with Levine. He never suggested I say this. I met him for hour. He never coached me. He came under the pretense that he wanted to write about me. Somebody suggest that he wasn't the right one to do the book. He never tutor me. Nobody tutored me. Only trouble with Nixon is I volunteered that information. Just to prove to them I have nothing more to hide, I said it all. It's not because to put more blame on me. But to figure out
for myself what in the world was going through his head. How could I have gone to the Feds? In what
 
E. HOWARD HUNT: OCTOBER 9, 1918 TO 1943
 
COUP D’ETAT IN AMERICA – VOLUME THREE

The initials "WH" appeared on the flyleaf of Oswald’s address book. Howard Hunt was the liaison between CIA and the Eisenhower White House in regard to Bay of Pigs. Years later Bernard Barker’s address book listed Hunt under WH as you can see below.
 
 
 
Watergate burglar Rolando Martinez' personal telephone directory listed Howard Hunt. Next to the phone number it noted:
"W. House." Hunt’s name was listed under the letters "W. H." in Bernard Barker's address book. Hunt was asked what would lead
Mr. Barker to use the initials W. H? Hunt: "I assume that WH was for 'White House."

EVERETTE HOWARD HUNT was born on October 9, 1918 in Hamburg, N.Y., into a family of English and Welch heritage which traced its lineage to the Revolutionary War. Hunt's Point, in the South Bronx section of New York City, was named after one of Hunt’s ancestors. Hunt’s father, Howard Hunt Sr., was a friend of OSS founder William J. Donovan. When Hunt was eight, his familymoved to Miami, where Howard Hunt Sr. entered a  business partnership which eventually failed. In Give Us This Day, Hunt described the incident which led to this. On a Saturday, Howard Hunt Sr.'s business partner stole $5,000 from him, then flew to Havana. The next day, Howard Hunt Sr. flew to Havana, found his partner, put a gun to his partner's head, and got all of his money back. The moral to be gained from this story, according to Hunt,
was: "An operation conducted with surgical efficiency and maximum speed leaves minimal scars on those involved." This story can be
interpreted so that a different moral is extracted from it: rather than report the incident to the local authorities, Howard Hunt Sr. went to
Cuba and was willing to execute his ex-partner for $5000. The moral implied by this incident: if you are double-crossed, murder is
permissible.

During his teens Hunt suffered from dyslexia and stammering. He graduated from Brown University in 1940, where he majored in English literature and journalism. He received an Associate Baccalaureate Degree. He was accepted as a play writing student at Yale Drama School. Hunt enlisted in the Naval Reserves.
 
Hunt reported: "Enlisted United States Naval Reserve, August 27, 1940, as Apprentice Seaman, appointed to U.S. Navy Midshipman's School...served aboard USS Destroyer Mayo, discharge by reason of being not physically qualified for retention." In February 1941
Hunt entered the United States Navy. He was on active duty for five months before he was given an honorable medical discharge in late
1942.

Tad Szulc reported: "According to incomplete records [Hunt] was injured aboard a ship doing Atlantic convoy duty." Hunt was
discharged because of a hearing problem. [FBI 139-4089-1627]
Hunt wrote East of Farewell, a fictionalized account of North Atlantic convoy duty, and sold it to Alfred Knopf Publishers. From October
1942 to February 1943 he worked for Time Inc. (March of Time) where he prepared and edited scripts for a monthly newsreel, and
produced Naval training films. He was hired by Time and became a 
was asked: "Do you know if William K. Harvey knew Mr. Hunt or
ever worked with Mr. Hunt, to your knowledge?" He responded: "I think it is quite possible since they both were in the Agency for a
long time."

The Operations Planning Director of the Office of Policy Coordination, who supervised PB/7, confirmed it was responsible for
assassinations and kidnapping. The Deputy Chief of PB/7, who served under Boris Pash, testified he had a clear recollection that
the written charter of the Office of Special Operation included the following language: "PB/7 will be responsible for assassinations,
kidnapping and other such functions as from time to time may be given it."

Hunt was questioned about Boris Pash by the SSCIA:

I will have to go back considerably in time to the period in 1954 and early 1955 when I was staff officer of the Southeast European
Division of the CIA. My title was Chief of Political and Psychological Warfare for Southeast Europe. As such I had staff responsibility to the Chief of the Division for all political and psychological warfare matters that involved the following countries: Albania, Rumania, Greece, Yugoslavia and Bulgaria...I was of course in daily contact with the chiefs of the various country branches and it came to my attention that we were having considerable difficulty with our 
Albanian Guard Unit, I believe it was called, which was then located in West Germany. This guard unit had been drawn largely from the retainers of King Zog of Albania...That is bodyguards, members of his personal staff, probably some relatives...The Agency in fact, had been encountering a lot of difficulty with losing agents, Albanian agents who parachuted into the area. And as a result of the rapid disappearance of our parachuted agents, it became a matter of some concern to the Division. To the best of my recollection, the presence of a double agent or a penetration agent, in the Albanian guard unit was suspected, if not assumed. To that end there was some discussion, the details of which are no longer clear to me, about the best way to cleanse the unit of whatever offending individual there might be, the penetration agent. And I don't recall whether I was specifically commissioned to look into the method of cleansing, or whether it was a matter of my personal interest. But in any event, I inquired around among knowledgeable people in the Agency and it came to my attention and I hate, again, to be so
indefinite, although I will speculate on who might have directed me to this particular unit. I was told that somewhere within the overall
political and psychological staff there was located a man with a small office. This man's name was Colonel Boris Pash, and my
understanding was that Colonel Pash had been doing business, let us say, with the Agency in West Germany for quite a while. I sought
out Colonel Pash. I was directed to his office and I found sitting withhim another Agency officer named [Martin Lazarus]. I'm not sure
whether it is (Deleted).

Mr. Baron: It's a Greek name. (Deleted) is his correct first name, but he goes by (Deleted).

Mr. Hunt: Very good. But in any case, he was known throughout my career as (Deleted). And I was at that point on, let's say, a search
mission to determine whether the alleged capability of Colonel Pash in 'wet affairs,' which is how it was referred to, that is, liquidations,
would have any relevance to our particular problem of the Albanian disappointments. [By liquidation I mean] assassinations,
kidnappings, removals, let's say. So I spoke to Colonel Pash in Mr. (Deleted's) presence. I explained the problem to him, although at
that juncture I'm quite sure that we had not identified the Albanian suspect. So we were talking hypothetically. And I might say
parenthetically, at this juncture, that it became clear many years later that the actual informant was Kim Philby, the British MI-6 Chief
who was keeping everyone apprised of our Albanian activities. So in 
fact, we had no nominee for Colonel Pash's special attentions.
However, I broached the problem on a hypothetical basis to Colonel Pash, who seemed to, he didn't pick up on it immediately. He seemed a little startled at the subject. He indicated it was something that would have to be approved by higher authority, and I withdrew, and never approached Colonel Pash again. This took place in Colonel Pash's office, which, to the best of my recollection, was in the complex in the old JKL series of CIA buildings along the reflecting pool. They have since been demolished.
And in Exhibit Four here I give a breakdown, to the best of my recollection, of the PP staff at that time, which we can go into. I don't want to really interrupt the continuity of what I have to say, but just for clarification, so everyone will know what we're talking about, and who was
situated where at the time. Then I can go into that apart from this, if that's all right with you. I should also say, and I'm sorry I didn't mention this earlier when I first inquired around for the location of Colonel Pash and his assistant, that reaction I encountered was a rather jesting one, and the impression I gained was here were a couple of men who were drawing salaries and doing very little. And so when Colonel Pash seemed reluctant to become involved in responding affirmatively to my questions, my inference was that Colonel Pash and (deleted) could well not have such a capability, but for the purposes of employment and status, this was the job they had. But they didn't want anyone to call upon them to activate their particular abilities.

Now that was my impression and I was a little disgusted by it. I think I talked to the Chief of the PP staff later, who was, of course, well
aware of the Albanian problem and I said I didn't get any satisfaction from Pash, but it doesn't really make any difference because we don't have the name of the suspected individual.

Baron: Just to stop here for a second and clear up some of these details, were you under the impression that what you called wet affairs, assassinations, kidnappings or other removals from the scene of troublesome individuals was the primary function of this unit?

Hunt: Yes, if fact the only. As far as I knew, they had no other function. If they had another function I was never made aware of
what it was...
Baron: Did whoever gave you the information about Boris Pash indicate to you that there were any other units in the CIA that could
take care of such problems by means of assassinations?

Hunt: No. My distinct impression and recollection is that the function, if indeed it existed, and I believed it then to have existed as
I do today, was centralized or focused in Colonel Pash and (Deleted).

Baron: Now what would have been the formal title of the unit that Colonel Pash and (Deleted) were running?

Hunt: If it had one I never knew it...as I recall my conversation with him was a relatively brief one. I stepped in the door, met him, saw
(Deleted) who I knew briefly or at least knew him by sight, and I sat down and said we have this problem in the Albanian Branch. We
may need somebody liquidated in Western Germany. Can you handle it if the day comes, or if it comes to that? And he seemed a
little startled. I have already indicated that.

Colonel Pash indicated or said to me that it was a matter that would have to be approved by higher authority and as a relatively low ranking officer in those days, I thought he was probably referring to Frank Wisner. And indeed he may have. It never got pushed up to Frank Wisner's level because there was no direct approach or a request for such approval was ever made...Now his saying that to me was of course bureaucratically quite appropriate. There was nothing inappropriate in such a response. It neither indicated an enthusiasm for the proposal for that line of work, nor was it a washing of his hands. I felt that he was just glad that he had to reach for higher authority, that it was a deflection, and that he would just as soon not hear any more about it, not because of any moral consideration or anything, but simply from a bureaucratic point of view. He was comfortable where he was and don't bother me.

I left with the impression that Colonel Pash was glad that he wasn't going to have any business for me or that he had successfully
deflected whatever approach I might be making to him because it would give him and (Deleted) an opportunity to drink more coffee
and to draw their salaries from the Agency while affecting to do a job that they were perhaps not equipped to do.

Now again, that impression I had when I left was at variance with what I had heard before I came in, where I heard he and (deleted)
or he at least had been active in West Germany in wet affairs, particularly kidnappings and that sort of thing. If not personally,
certainly he could arrange to have it done. That was my distinct impression. Otherwise I would not have sought him out...I had known previously that he had been associated during the war with the Manhattan Project and that he had a security background...it was my impression that Boris Pash had been active a couple of years at least before I knew him in West Germany with the sort of thing that we had been discussing so far today...kidnappings mostly in West Germany and West Berlin..." Hunt’s overall impression after their conversation was that Boris Pash's function was to carry out assassinations "albeit reluctantly, because my impression was that he was a man who really didn't want to be disturbed. He was comfortable where he was."

When Hunt was asked to list others who were aware of Boris Pash's function: General Robert Cushman, John Richardson, John
Baker (former Chief of the PP Staff), Milton Buffington, Tracy Barnes (former Chief of the PP Staff). Hunt stated:

I would think that Jim Angleton, who would have had direct knowledge and always was the Chief of the CI/CE staff. The Chief of base in (Deleted) if in fact Pash conducted any activities in that area, certainly the Chief of base in (Deleted) would have been knowledgeable about it. Also the Chief of base at (deleted) which was where we had the (deleted) penetration going on. I don't know whether William K. Harvey, at that time was Chief of Operations (deleted) or whether he was simply running the tunnel, but William K. Harvey might well have some knowledge of Boris Pash. I would certainly assume that when we're talking about liquidations and that sort of thing that the Agency's overall Office of Security somewhere within it must have been involved, such German Division personnel as might be available today, West German, and I would also suggest that General Cushman might be knowledgeable for this reason. It was about this time that General Cushman was still assigned to the CIA. I could be wrong about that but I seem to have a memory of Cushman being around in those days. He was then a Colonel. I had associated with him. In fact, we shared an office at one time, but that was several years earlier. But I'm sure that Cushman was around in that period of time and involved with the PP Staff though what his function was I don't know.
 
Baron: Let me return to one name that you mentioned and this is William Harvey. What was the nature of your operational
relationships to William Harvey after this period. Did you have any?

Hunt: I never had any, no. In fact I've only seen him once in my life, to the best of my recollection.

Baron: As you may know, William Harvey was tasked in 1961 with setting up an executive action capability at the CIA, tasked originally
by Richard Bissell to carry out assassinations if required. Do you have any connection from any source of any connection between what Harvey was doing and what Pash was doing?

Hunt: No.

Hunt told his lawyer that he had "met Boris Pash in a hallway at some point after the initial discussion of this matter and asked him
where it stood? And he replied this is very heavy stuff. I must be very selective in talking about it, and [Hunt] dropped the matter."
Boris Pash denied Hunt’s allegations and claimed he never met him and that he was never involved in assassination planning.

During Hunt v. Weberman, Hunt was asked:

Q. Have you ever discussed the subject of an assassination with Mr. Pash?

A. Nor assassination qua assassination, but the liquidation, removal
of 
MR. Weberman: (Laughs)
THE DEPONENT: (continuing) an objectionable -- I would request that the --

Mr. FRIEDMAN: I am asking Mr. Weberman to maintain himself.

MR. Weberman: It's kind of funny, you know.
 

THE DEPONENT: Mr. Pash, Colonel Pash, was described to me as the man in charge of an area that dealt with removals by violent
means. He later testified that he never had such capacity. So, with the exception of the man who was alleged by other to be in the
business, to my knowledge I have never known anybody in the assassination business.
 
Q. Boris Pash denies ever having talked to you about this.
A. Well, he is an old man. I would say that it has escaped his mind, probably trivial at the time because that wasn't his line of work.

Hunt told the SSCIA: "I might add that I was rather briefly at CIA headquarters at that time and within a very short period of time after
I had had my interview with Colonel Pash, I was transferred to the Guatemala Project, the overthrow of Guatemala."

 
THE OVERTHROW OF JACOBO ARBENZ 1954
Jacobo Arbenz, a professional Army officer, was the son of a Swiss father who migrated to Guatemala.
In 1944 Jacobo Arbenz took part in a military coup against General Jorge Ubico.
Dissatisfied with a successor of Jorge Ubico, Jacobo Arbenz participated in another coup and became a member of the subsequently installed Junta. Jacobo Arbenz was made the ranking officer in the Guatemalan Army in 1949, after his chief rival was ambushed and assassinated. The chauffeur of Jacobo Arbenz, and later his secretary, was credited with the murder. Jacobo Arbenz ran for President in 1950. During the election campaign his main rival, General Miguel Ydigoras Fuentes, went into hiding under threat of arrest. Five days before Jacobo Arbenz was elected President through massive vote fraud in November 1950, Colonel Carlos Castillo-Armas headed an unsuccessful revolt against him. Carlos
Castillo-Armas was badly wounded and thrown into prison. Jacobo Arbenz took office in March 1951. The following summer Carlos 
Castillo-Armas tunneled his way out of prison and left the country.
President Arbenz declared a partial state of siege in 1951, allegedly to control the dispatches of unfriendly foreign correspondents.
Arbenz also tried to institute land reforms; the United Fruit Company, the country's biggest employer, was outraged when he expropriated 225,000 acres of its property. The profits of United Fruit began to drop when labor unions demanded $2.50 a day for each worker, instead of $1.36. [Business Week 4.30.55] During the early 1950's, United Fruit was a symbol of American economic imperialism. The term "Banana Republic" had its roots in the domination by United Fruit of Central and South American governments. Jacobo Arbenz turned frequently to the Communists to maintain his power. By 1954 they were running Guatemala.
President Eisenhower, Vice President Nixon and the other National Security Council members called for the overthrow of Jacobo Arbenz. In the spring of 1954, the USSR began covertly supplying the Guatemalan regime with arms, hidden aboard a Swedish freighter, in unmarked boxes. When the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, Allen Dulles, received news of this shipment, the fate of Jacobo Arbenz was sealed 
contention I believe he is correct, with the possible exception of (deleted as of 2010). The author’s claim that this book would provide information not known to Castro’s intelligence services or that details his late are of no value to the opposition, is, in my view, seriously open to question.
 
HUNT'S VERSION

3. The book is, in general, favorable to the CIA actions in the Bay of Pigs. The villains of the piece are certain liberal figures in the Kennedy
Administration (Schlesinger, Goodwin, Stevenson) and to some extent, the President himself. In his concluding chapter, the author's bitterness is undisguised against those in the Administration and the press who took the opportunity of the Bay of Pigs incident to attack and denigrate the CIA.

Bissell and Barnes and the author’s other CIA co- workers in the Cuban Project, by and large, are given quite favorable treatment. One exception is General Cabell, whom the author excoriates, and it is apparent that Hamilton’s opinion of Jerry Droller is far from favorable both on political and professional grounds.

5. It is apparent that HAMILTON [Hunt] feels very deeply about the Bay of Pigs and its aftermath, to the extent that he is willing to put his career on the line by circulating this manuscript to several publishers without apparent clearance or authorization. He has utilized his nom de plume the same name assigned to him in the project for dealing with the Cuban Front and it would not take anyone who was involved in the Cuban Project more than a few pages of reading to identify the author, as one potential publisher pointed out. The manuscript itself is the most comprehensive story of a CIA operation that has ever been written for publication...The author's claim that his book would provide no information not known to Castro's intelligence service or that details this late are of no value to the opposition, is, in my view, seriously open to question. [CIA EYES ONLY 2.16.70]
 

The CIA:
 
In January 1967 (Deleted) prepared a memorandum concerning Arlington House Publishers which, based on hearsay, indicated that a fight was going on for control of the company. One rumor was that CIA wanted to take over control. Apparently this memo was again brought to the attention of C/SRS in April 1970 with the comment by (Deleted) 'In going through some of (Deleted's) old reports, I found this.
Possibly of interest in view of Hunt’s manuscript.' The buck slip was marked 'Noted PFG.' In June 1970
when I was assigned to the (Deleted)/SRS, there was a copy of Hunt’s manuscript on the Bay of Pigs being retained in a safe in the C/(Deleted) office. Some time later I learned that (Deleted) had apparently obtained it through a contact and had forwarded it to this office as an item of probable interest. The Agency was able to ascertain the identity of the author, who turned out to be Howard Hunt. Hunt was, I believe, at that time, employed by the Agency with DOD. In any case he was approached under some guise and was convinced that it would be inappropriate for him to have the book published at that time.

 
On February 17, 1970 this Transmittal Slip was generated:
"Mr. Gaynor discussed his meeting with T. K. and SAC. JIM McCord to meet Wiley today and will find out more details of how Wiley and the Ms. came together. Sam Walker also in picture. Hold per PG for further word before other action." On January 14, 1975, Raymond Rocca had Hunt make numerous deletions in Hunt’s autobiography, Undercover. Give Us This Day, written in 1968, contained this passage:

No event since the communization of China in 1949 has had such a profound effect on the United States and their allies as the defeat of the United States trained Cuban invasion brigade at the Bay of Pigs in April, 1961. Out of that humiliation grew the Berlin Wall, the missile crisis, guerilla warfare throughout Latin America and Africa, and our intervention in the Dominican Republic. Fidel Castro's beachhead
triumph opened a bottomless Pandora's box of difficulties that affected not only the United States, but most of its Free World allies. These bloody and 
subversive events would not have taken place had Castro been toppled. Instead of standing firm, our government pyramided crucially wrong decisions and allowed Brigade 2506 to be destroyed...Let this not be forgotten...Lee Harvey Oswald was a partisan of Fidel Castro, and an admitted Marxist who made desperate efforts to join the Red Revolution in Havana. In the end, he was an activist for the Fair
Play for Cuba Committee. But for Castro and the Bay of Pigs disaster there would have been no such 'committee.' And perhaps no assassin named Lee Harvey Oswald.

Several years after he wrote this paragraph, questioned under oath about his knowledge of Oswald’s connection to the Fair
Play for Cuba Committee, Hunt stated: "If you say [he had a connection]. I have no idea." Hunt wrote: "But for Castro and the
Bay of Pigs disaster there would have been no such 'committee.'
And perhaps no assassin named Lee Harvey Oswald." Was he referring to the CIA rogue "committee," whose goal it was to kill President Kennedy that had invented Oswald? Hunt stated: "I felt Mr. Kennedy was weak when he should have been strong. I felt that he was over-influenced by his senior advisors. I felt that he had not demonstrated the qualities of statesmanship that most of us had come to expect of the Chief Executive." Hemming distorted events surrounding the Bay of Pigs so it would look like there was not motive to kill Kennedy:

 
Cabell lied and he never spoke to the President.
The air strike was canceled on his word. It was Cabell's fault, not Kennedy's. Who the fuck was he doing this for?
 
That's what Angleton asked. He was pissed with Cabell. Was this a ploy to have these guys stuck on the beach? Kennedy was already talking détente with Castro. Get off the Russian tit. Make arrangements for promissory notes and bonds for the confiscated property.

Other evidence suggested that President Kennedy deliberately betrayed his own para-military force and was guilty of treason. Newsman Bill Moyers reported that John F. Kennedy advisor Arthur Schlesinger told him: "President Kennedy was troubled by the plan and made this comment just before authorizing 
the Bay of Pigs invasion, 'If we have to get rid of these men it is much better to dump them in Cuba than in the United States, especially if that is where they wish to go.'"

On October 12, 1961, Bruce Solie, C/RB/SRS wrote:
"Attached is a copy of a memorandum dated September 29, 1961, concerning a request for permission for the Subject to reestablish
contact with (deleted). Mr. O'Neal, CI/SIG, brought the attached to the attention of the undersigned and the contact has been approved
by Mr. Helms...Although the above contact of the Subject with (Deleted) is (Deleted) EAB was advised of the above by the undersigned and the above is being made a matter of record in Subject file." In November 1961 Hunt was reassigned to the DDP/Covert Action Staff and in January 1962 to the Office of the Chief of the same Staff. In July 1962 Hunt was transferred to the DODS Research and Publications Section in Washington. Another CIA document states on May 29, 1962, Hunt was reassigned within the
 
Domestic Operations Division effective July 1, 1962. In July 1962
Subject was transferred to the Research and Publications Section, Facilities Branch, Domestic Operations Division, Deputy Director/Plans, Washington, where he worked as an Operations Officer under Tracy Barnes. On July 31, 1964, he joined the
Domestic Operations Division Covert Action Staff and worked under Cord Meyer.

The Rockefeller Commission reported Hunt joined the Covert Action Staff of the Domestic Operations Division in August 1961, and worked out of Field Office, Domestic Operations Division/Deputy Director /Plans, as Chief Operations Officer. Hunt’s office building was located one block from the White House (1750 Pennsylvania Avenue). The rear flyleaf of Oswald’s address book contained the markings "815 Penn." Radiology Associates of Tarrant County was located at 815 Pennsylvania Ave, Fort Worth, TX.

LATE 1962

On August 29, 1962, Hunt filed out a Request for Cover (Deleted) 
Inclusion of SAC on the Domestic Cover List is
requested for the reason noted below. When notified that cover has been established, SAC will be
specifically authorized and instructed to (Deleted).
Subject is currently included on the (Deleted). For the reason noted below, it requested that this employee 
be removed from the (Deleted) Type Suggested (Specify (deleted) Justification if (deleted) Suggested.
Approved by Central Cover Division Requesting Official, (Deleted) Chief, Security, DODS.

On September 21, 1962, an answer to his request was generated:

Notification of Establishment of Cover. To Chief Operating Component Attention Miss Lynch. Submit Form 313-A to change limitation to category 3,
submit form (deleted) for any change (Deleted),
submit (deleted) form for transferring (deleted).
Signed James W. Franklin, Chief Central Cover Division

 
On October 29 1962, Hunt filled out a SUPPLEMENTAL PERSONAL HISTORY STATEMENT for the CIA. Hunt's present supervisor was Stanley H. Gaines, C/DODS/OPS. "Additional Remarks: Between July 1960 and March 1961 I was with ProjectJMATE, assigned to Mexico City and Coral Gables, Florida, where I was known under the operational alias of Edward J. Hamilton." On November 14, 1962, the CIA generated a document about Hunt’s wife's possible employment that was addressed to the Chief, Personnel Security Division, OS, through the Chief, Employee Activity Branch/PSD/OS. Reference was made to a memo from Hunt dated November 7, 1962.

1. Subject, Chief, R & P/DODS/DD/P who has [32] cover, indicates that his wife, Mrs. Dorothy L. Hunt has been employed by Communications Consultants International (OS-NR) which firm does public relations work for the Spanish Embassy. The fircontract is to be cancelled soon and acquaintances at the Spanish Embassy have suggested to Mrs. Hunt that she help them on a part time basis doing translations, statistical research and occasional letters for the Ambassador. Subject indicates also that most of this work would be done at home and that with Agency concurrence his wife had worked for the Spanish Embassy during 1955 to 1956. Subject requests security approval for his wife to accept employment with the Spanish Embassy. There is no indication that the request has been coordinated with the Chief, DODS.
 
2. (Deleted) Central Cover Group, advised that there were no cover objections to the proposed action.

3. Memorandum dated January 24, 1957, to DC/PSD from Bruce Solie in Subject's file indicates that the employment of Mrs. Hunt by the Spanish Embassy has been approved by the security officer in (Deleted). Subject's file indicated he has been a continuing security problem because of a tendency to disregard regulations and established procedures.
OS file #35576 on Subject's wife indicates she (Deleted).

 
4. The proposed employment of Subject's wife by the Spanish Embassy appears incompatible with Subject's employment by CIA. In addition, although Mr. Hunt has official cover his Agency employment could be ascertained with resultant embarrassment to the Subject, the Agency or the nation. Accordingly, it is recommended that Subject's request be securitydisapproved. H. R. Dugan Appraisal Section.
 
THE DOMESTIC OPERATIONS DIVISION
According to Hunt, the Domestic Operations Division was formed 
...after considerable bureaucratic struggle by Tracy
Barnes the new division accepted both personnel and projects unwanted elsewhere in the CIA...Many men connected with the Bay of Pigs failure were shunted into the new domestic unit.

The charter of the Domestic Operations Division outlined its mission:

To exercise central responsibility for the direction, support and coordination of clandestine operational
activities of the Clandestine Services conducted within the United States against foreign targets in response to established operational requirements.
Nothing in this instruction shall be construed to vest in DODS responsibility for the conduct of clandestine internal security or counter-intelligence operations in United States, former IO activities now assigned to Covert Action Staff or other categories of special 
activities designated by the Deputy Director of Plans from time to time. Organization: although DODS combines the aspects of both a division and a station, primary emphasis is placed on its station functions and the essential relationship of DODS to divisions and staffs parallels that of a foreign field station. The future establishment of subordinate domestic bases is envisioned. Functions: (Deleted).
[NARA HSCA 180-10095-10058]

Tracy Barnes left the CIA in December 1966, and joined the faculty of Yale University. He died of a heart attack on February 20,
1972, at age 60, in his Rhode Island home. Angleton told Seymour Hersh that much more spying and other illegal activities were
conducted by the Domestic Operations Division than by Counter- Intelligence. The charter of the Domestic Operations Division
forbade it from conducting, "other categories of special activities designated by the Deputy Director of Plans from time to time." The
words, from time to time, appear in the Charter of the CIA: "(5) To perform such other functions and duties related to intelligence
affecting the national security as the National Security Council may from time to time direct." These words have often been interpreted
as giving the National Security Council permission to commit a political assassination when the President felt it necessary. What
"other functions affecting the national security" may be required by the President on an occasional basis?
The assassination of a hostile national leader?
After World War II, many people were asking themselves: "How many lives could have been saved if Adolf
Hitler had been assassinated?"

Hunt said his work for the Domestic Operations Division subsidizing Frederick Praeger which he termed a CIA propaganda operation in that Praeger produced books at the request of the CIA. Hunt stated that Fodor Travel Guide Publishers was a CIA front the purpose of which was to provide cover for agents overseas.
Hunt told The New York Times on December 31, 1974: "My staff ran a media operation known as Continental Press out of the National Press Building in Washington, D.C.” On February 24, 1967, Frederick Praeger was quoted in The New York Times as having stated the he had published 15 or 16 books at the CIA's request. When this was publicized Henry L. Bretton, a Professor of Political Science, and author of the book The Rise and Fall of Kwame Nkrumah, published by Frederick Praeger Publishing, complained to his Congressman and to the CIA.
Hunt told the Rockefeller Commission: "January 1962 assigned to the DOD of DDP, handling proprietaries based in the
U.S. (impact of which is abroad.) Immediate superior was Stanley Gaines was either Chief of Operations or Executive Officer of DOD and Tracy Barnes was Division Chief of DOD. (Barnes is cousin by marriage to Vice President Rockefeller). The proprietaries which
Hunt was engaged in managing were the Continental News service which prepared news and radio broadcasts for foreign (Deleted) a cover operation and Fodor’s Travel Guides a proprietary Hunt questioned whether it had any use. Fodor’s had been set up in 1946
as cover operation but served no apparent use during the years Hunt was with DOD. Headquarters was at 1717 H Street N.W. and
then later on Pennsylvania Avenue. This assignment lasted until spring 1965." [Olsen's Handwritten notes] The CIA: "As of
November 1963, Hunt was assigned to (deleted) however, apparently Mr. Hunt had some collateral duties with Deputy Director
Plans/Domestic Operations Division/Facilities Branch. Mr. Hunt was assigned to such tasks from November 1961 to February 1965."
[Hunt as leader of Cov. Ops. of DOD: Complaint Hunt v. Weberman
USDC/SD Fla. Miami 76-1252-Civ-PF filed 7.28.76 para. 4B]
 
[Hersh Old Boys p33] On July 11, 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed William J. Donovan Coordinator of Information.
In the Summer of 1943 the Office of the Coordinator of Information became the OSS. After the war, J. Edgar Hoover demanded that the
OSS be prohibited from conducting domestic espionage investigations, and, with Nelson Rockefeller, the Coordinator of the Office of Inter-American Affairs, insisted on maintaining jurisdiction over Latin America. On October 1, 1945, President Truman ordered
that the OSS be dissolved as an independent body.

In post-war Italy, Angleton'S unit uncovered secret correspondence between Mussolini and Hitler. By age 26, Angleton
was in the OSS Station in Rome where he met Richard M. Helms and Allen W. Dulles. Angleton helped the provisional Italian
Government defeat the Communists. In 1945 Angleton helped fascists escape from prison camps supplying them with new
identities. [Martin Wilderness of Mirrors p19]

ANGLETON JOINS THE CIA

Angleton entered the CIA in 1948, at age 31. In 1954 the Doolittle Report advised the CIA that one urgent priority was "the intensification of the CIA's counter-intelligence efforts to prevent or detect and eliminate penetrations of the CIA." In late 1954, as a result of this, William K. Harvey, who previously performed certain CIA counter-intelligence functions, became CIA Chief of Station in
Berlin. Angleton became first Chief of the newly-formed Counter- Intelligence component. Former CIA Staff member Claire Edward
Petty commented: "In the early 1950's William K. Harvey was performing certain counter-intelligence functions. Angleton was counter-intelligence chief in the formal sense from the inception of CIA
."Angleton remained Counter-Intelligence Chief for 20 years, outlasting all of the Directors and Deputy Directors of the CIA. He gained the reputation as paranoid and eccentric, who was seldom seen, even by own staff members. [Mangold Cold Warrior Simon &
Shuster 1991]
 
ANGLETON AND KENNEDY'S MISTRESS
In 1962 Mary Pinchot Meyer, (Cord Meyer's ex-wife) told James Truitt, who was then a Vice President of the Washington Post and an associate of JAMES Angleton, that she had an affair with President Kennedy. James Truitt took notes on what Mary Pinchot told him. James Truitt worked for the State Department, then joined Time Inc. in 1948. He was Chief of the Washington bureau for several years. In 1960 he went to The Washington Post, and in 1964, James Truitt joined Newsweek. In the 1970's he showed his notes on Mary Pinchot to journalist Jay Gourley. The
notes recorded an episode in July 1962 when Mary Pinchot and President John F. Kennedy smoked marijuana which James Truitt
said he had provided. In his book Flashbacks Los Angeles: Tarcher, 1983 Tim Leary reported:

The most fascinating and important of these hundreds of visitors [interested in LSD] showed up in
the spring of 1962. I was sitting in my office at Harvard University one morning when I looked up to see a woman leaning against the door post, hip tilted provocatively, studying me with a bold stare. She appeared to be in her late thirties. Good looking. Flamboyant eye-brows, piercing green-blue eyes, fine-boned face. Amused, arrogant, aristocratic. "Dr. Leary" she said coolly, "I've got to talk to you". She took a few steps forward and held out her hand. "I'm Mary Pinchot. I've come from Washington to discuss something very important. I want to learn how to run 
an LSD session." "That's our specialty here. Would you like to tell me what you have in mind?" "I have this friend who's a very important man. He's impressed by what I've told him about my own LSD experiences and what other people have told him. He wants to try it himself. So I'm here to learn how to do it. I mean. I don't want to goof up or something."
"Why don't you have your important friend come here with you to look over our project for a couple of days.
Then if it makes sense to all concerned, we'll run a session for him." "Out of the question. My friend is a
public figure. It's just not possible." "People involved in power usually don't make the best subjects." "Don't you think that if a powerful person were to turn on with his wife or girlfriend it would be good for the world?" "Nothing that involves brain-change is certain. But in general we believe that for anyone who's reasonably healthy and happy, the intelligent thing to do is to take advantage of the multiple realities available to the human brain. "Do you think that the world would be a better place if men in power had LSD experiences?" “Look at the world," I said, "Nuclear bombs proliferating. More and more countries run by military dictators. No political creativity. It's time to try something, anything new and promising...” The next contact with Mary Pinchot, my mysterious visitor from Washington, came about six months later. She phoned me from across the river in Boston. "Can you meet me right away in Room 717, Ritz Hotel?” Enchanting as before, she motioned to a silver ice bucket with a bottle of Dom Perignon tilting out. "I'm here to celebrate." she said. I twisted the bottle to make the cork pop gently "Your hush-hush love affair is going well?" "Oh yes, everything is going beautifully. On all fronts in fact. I can't give details, of course. But top people in Washington are turning on. You'd be
amazed at the sophistication of some of our leaders.
And their wives. We've gotten a little group together, people who are interested in learning how to turn on.”
"Really, I thought politicians were to power-oriented."
"You must realize, implausible as it may seem, there 
are a lot of very smart people in Washington.
Especially now with this administration. Power is important to them. And these drugs do give a certain power. That's what it's all about. Freeing the mind."

The sister of Mary Pinchot, Tony Pinchot, married Ben Bradlee. The Pinchot sisters were allegedly acquainted with Cicely d'Autremont, Angleton'S wife. When Cicely Angleton was contacted in August 1993 she stated, "I wouldn't dream of commenting on any
of this."
 
Mary Pinchot was murdered on October 12, 1964. She was shot twice in the left temple and once in the chest. The suspect, Raymond Crump Jr., a black 25-year-old laborer, and father of five, was held without bail. The white jacket of Raymond Crump was recovered from the nearby woods. A truck driver, Henry Wiggins, 24, told the police he had seen a man standing over Mary Pinchot, wearing a white jacket. Later, Henry Wiggins identified Raymond Crump as the man. According to John Simkin Police tests were unable to show that Crump had fired the .38 caliber Smith and
Wesson gun. There were no traces of nitrates on his hands or clothes. Despite an extensive search of the area no gun could be
found. This included a two day search of the tow path by 40 police officers. The police also drained the canal near to the murder scene.
Police scuba divers searched the waters away from where Mary was killed. However, no gun could be found. Nor could the prosecution find any link between Crump and any Smith and Wesson gun. The pocketbook and wallet of Mary Pinchot were found in her studio after her murder. During the trial Wiggins was unable to positively identify Raymond Crump as the man standing over Meyer's body. The prosecution was also handicapped by the fact that the police had been unable to find the murder weapon at the scene of the crime or to provide a creditable motive for the crime. On 29th July, 1965, Crump was acquitted of murdering Mary Meyer. The case remains unsolved. Cord Meyer commented:

I was satisfied by the conclusions of the police investigation that Mary had been the victim of sexually motivated assault. Later on, some journalistic speculation was published to the effect that I was convinced that Mary's death was the result of some complicated Communist plot. There was no truth whatever to these stories.

Hunt stated:

According to contemporary reports Mary Pinchot Meyers was quite beautiful and quite viable. JFK, as some men do, took advantage of his sisters in terms of who they knew and who they could bring into the fold and I think that Mary Meyers was one of them. In any event poor thing was summarily killed by an unknown murderer who sped off in the bicycle that
brought him And why nobody knows. Her purse was not pilfered nothing of a personal nature was taken 
from her so we have to it has all the earmarks of a designed murder. Somebody got a hold of this black boy and put a pistol in his hands and said “Down there in the towpath there is a lady who doing artwork. Kill her.” It could have been I think it was someone being very protective of Kennedy. I don’t think it was Angleton although that Angleton and Mary Meyers connection is still very mysterious and
Angleton died without shedding any light on it.

Hunt also stated:

In 1954, the Kennedys bought an estate just outside Washington, D.C., where they became neighbors of the Meyers. Cord's wife and Jackie apparently became rather friendly and went on walks together.
Then, on October 12, 1964, Mary was tragically gunned down while walking on a towpath in Georgetown. By that time, she and Cord had
divorced, and the media did not realize that her former husband was a high-ranking CIA official.
Neither did they find out about her relationship with the president, so headlines about the murder quickly disappeared. Ray Crump, a black man, was arrested near the scene. Although he was acquitted of the crime, which remains unsolved, many court observers said that he got off because he had a good lawyer. Mary had cautioned at least one close friend to grab her diary if anything ever happened to her.
Journalist (later editor) Ben Bradlee happened to be married to Mary's sister, Antoinette, who found the diary and letters shortly after the death. But there is an interesting fact here. When the Bradlees arrived at Mary's house shortly after the murder, they found James Angleton already there, rummaging around the house, looking for the diary and letters. No one has ever mentioned how the CIA official accessed the house, but Bradlee has said that the door was locked when he arrived. So does that mean Angleton broke in? When Antoinette eventually found the diary, she turned it over to Angleton, who later admitted that the book detailed the affair, talkingspecifically about how Mary and Kennedy would drop LSD before making love. Mary apparently thought 
that JFK's murder had taken place because the industrial-military complex couldn't allow his mind to
be expanded by the drug. The fact that Angleton was already in the house when Bradlee got there is mysterious, as so little time had gone by since the murder.

Journalist Leo Damore wrote in the New York Post that a CIA source told him that Mary's death was probably a professional hit because "She had access to the highest levels. She was involved in illegal drug activity. What do you think it would do to the beatification of Kennedy if this woman said, 'It wasn't Camelot, it was Caligula's court?" So I think it probably was a professional hit by someone trying to
protect the Kennedy legacy. I don't think that Cord Meyer killed his ex-wife, and I don't think it was Angleton either, although he did apparently know that Mary and Kennedy had carried on the affair. He died without shedding much light on the matter. Cord Meyer is dead, too, as is Sturgis. No one ever made a deathbed confession about either crime.

The day after the death of Mary Pinchot, Angleton went to her home and gained possession of her diary. Did Angleton break
in? Do bears shit in the woods? In The Old Boys, Burton Hersh reported a source alleged: "Angleton let himself into [Pinchot's]
house with a key he kept to the place even before the cops turned up." An FBI Memorandum dated October 14, 1964, disclosed,
"Helms explained that both he and Angleton have been very much involved with matters pertaining to the death and funeral of Mrs.
Mary Pinchot Meyer." [FBI 62-80750-4255] What Angleton was trying to protect was traditional American culture for if were known
that Kennedy was dropping acid, a lot of youth in this country would have done the same. Angleton was from the old school and believed that someone who had his finger on the nuclear trigger should not indulge in psychotomimetic drugs. This letter appeared in
the New York Times [?]:

IN ANGLETON'S CUSTODY.
 
We write to correct
what in our opinion is an error in Ben Bradlee's
autobiography, A Good Life. This error occurs in Mr.
Bradlee's account of the discovery and disposition of
 
COUP D’ETAT IN AMERICA – VOLUME THREE
136

Mary Pinchot Meyer's personal diary. The fact is that
Mary Meyer asked Anne Truit to make sure that in
the event of anything happening to Mary while Anne
was in Japan, JAMES Angleton took this diary into
his safekeeping. When she learned that Mary had
been killed, Anne Truitt telephoned person-to-person
from Tokyo for JAMES Angleton. She found him at
Mr. Bradley's house, where Angleton and his wife
Cicely, had been asked to come following the
murder. In the phone call, relaying Mary Meyer's
specific instructions, Anne Truit told Angleton, for the
first time, that there was a diary; and, in accordance
with Mary Meyer's explicit request, Anne Truitt asked
Angleton to search for and take charge of the diary.
Consequently, according to Cicely Angleton, those
present agreed that a search would be made. This
search was carried out, Mrs. Angleton affirms, in
Mary Meyer's house in the presence of her sister,
Tony Bradlee; the Angleton'S, and one other friend of
Mary Meyer's. When Tony Bradlee found the diary
and several papers bundled together in Mary Meyer's
studio, she gave the entire package to Angleton and
asked him to burn it. Angleton followed this
instruction in part by burning the loose papers. He
also followed Mary Meyer's instruction and
safeguarded the diary. Some years later he honored
a request by Tony Bradlee that he deliver it to her.
Subsequently Tony Bradlee burned the diary in the
presence of Ann Truitt. Cicly Angleton, Anne Truit,
Arlington, Virginia.

In 1969 James Truitt was declared insane. He lost his job at
The Washington Post and moved to Mexico. James Truitt, 60,
committed suicide on November 18, 1981, at San Miguel de
Allende, Mexico.
 
 
 
COUP D’ETAT IN AMERICA – VOLUME THREE
233

Parsons, Belmont and DeLoach 1.5.61 (deleted)
1622-65]

In late January 1961, when the FBI was made aware of an
anti-Castro sea-borne strike backed by Rolando Masferrer, the
Miami FBI telexed Headquarters:

TO DIRECTOR FBI

FROM SAC MIAMI

MASFERRER NEUTRALITY MATTER

MM (deleted) Dash S advisedon January 25, 1961
instant that Kenneth J. Proctor, an American from
Boston, Mass eleven Americans and three Cubans
are going to leave in a day or two from Miami aboard
the Marianne the Second, a six-eight foot yacht for
an expedition to Cuba. The boat is presently in
Miami, is of State of Virginia registry, and the owner,
name unknown, gave permission to Proctor to take
the boat. Two days after the expediation has gone
the owner will report the boat stolen. Informant
furnished names of Americans and Cubans
participating. Proctor contacted FNU Cardenas CIA
Cut oout asked for arms and will receive an answer
by 4:00 PM. Proctor swears that his group will go on
expediation even without arms. Informant doubts if
group can obtain arms from any other source. On
January 24
th last, Proctor allegedly received
telephone call from Cuba telling him to land at
Mamalata, Pinar Del Rio Province and proceed to
Guajaibon, Pinar Del Rio. Proctor is to be met by two
hundred anti-Castro revolutionists in Cuba and will
join other anti-Castro forces in Cuba. Informant feels
this may be a trap on the part of the Cuban
Government. CIA, Miami, advised it had no
operational interest in Proctor’s group and will not
suppy arms. Miami Office notified US Customs and
US Border Patrol. US Customs said if boat has no
arms aboard it will allow the expedition to leave.
Unless Department of Justice authorized prosecution
for conspiracy to violate neutrality act, Miami Office
will take no action to stop this expedition. SAC
 
COUP D’ETAT IN AMERICA – VOLUME THREE
234

Teague was instructed to locate and interview
Proctor and such associates as are readily available
regarding their plans...[Teletype to Dir. Fr. SAC
Miami 1.25.61; JEH Memo for Tolson 1.5.61]

After the FBI interviewed Proctor’s crew the expedition was called
off.

ROLANDO MASFERRER AND JOHN F. KENNEDY

On February 4, 1961, Kenneth O'Donnell, Special Assistant
to President John F. Kennedy telephoned the FBI and advised that
"an individual whom he did not identify had just been in to see the
President this morning and had discussed with the President the
activities of a reported Cuban right-wing refugee now in Miami.
Kenneth O'Donnell said that the name he got from the President for
this Cuban was either 'Ferri' or 'Ferre' and his first name was 'Mas.'
The President asked O'Donnell if he could identify this Cuban for
him and find out something about him. O'Donnell wondered if we
could be of any assistance, saying that this wasn't much to go on
and the only additional information we had was that this Cuban may
have been organizing troops." The FBI identified the Cuban as
Rolando Masferrer.

Kenneth O'Donnell was called back and informed the
individual to whom he referred was undoubtedly
Masferrer. He was furnished briefly information as to
his background and activities. It was specifically
pointed out to O'Donnell that full details had been
forwarded to the Justice Department, which at
present time had a question of prosecution under
consideration. O'Donnell was informed that we would
be happy to send a letter to him furnishing him
information relative to Masferrer. O'Donnell said this
wasn't at all necessary as he had enough information
to identify Masferrer for the President. O'Donnell was
most appreciate and said nothing further need be
done.

J. Edgar Hoover underlined the words "an individual whom
he did not identify." He then wrote: "I don't understand how such a
character gets in to see the President. H." [FBI 2-1622-78] On April
10, 1961, the Justice Department had the Immigration and
Naturalization Service revoke Rolando Masferrer's parole as a
 
COUP D’ETAT IN AMERICA – VOLUME THREE
235

warning to the Cuban exile community that he had no intention of
restoring the Batista dictatorship in Cuba: "Acting District Director,
Joseph Minton, INS, Miami, advised Masferrer served with written
notice his parole has been revoked and Masferrer taken into
detention. However, Masferrer, due to ill health (heart trouble) is
under guard at Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, under care of
Department of Public Health." [FBI 2-1622-92,94]

INDICTED BEFORE THE BAY OF PIGS INVASION OF CUBA

Rolando Masferrer was subsequently indicted for violations
of the Neutrality Act. Secretary of State Dean Rusk wrote a letter to
the United States Attorney General which stated in part: "The
continued presence at large of Rolando Masferrer in the United
States and particularly in the State of Florida is prejudicial to our
national interest...revoking this alien's parole, deporting him, or
restricting his presence at large, would accordingly advance our
foreign policy objectives." The FBI was instructed to handle the
Rolando Masferrer arrest "with the utmost secrecy." [FBI 2-1622-
961 4.7.61] One of the witnesses against Masferrer, Julio
Fernandez Trevejo was put at the disposal of the Justice
Department by the CIA. The unindicted co-conspirators were
Armentino Feria Perez, aka "El Indio," Julio Fernandez Trevejo,
Anselmo Aliegro, Franklin Joseph Williams, Horacio Canizares,
Santiago Alverez and one (FNU) Cartaya. [USDC SDF Indictment
12, 105-M] The Kennedy Administration had Justin F. Gleichauf, a CIA representative who was in contact with various law enforcement
agencies, contact Judge Emmet Choate and inform him that 
Masferrer sponsored anti-Castro activities at this time might be more a liability than an asset to developments in progress. Judge Choate was quite concerned that actions taken against Masferrer might be construed as a 'coddling' of anti-Castro elements, but indicated that he would delay Masferrer's hearing several days, and would give the matter further consideration. The U.S. District Attorney appeared to be quite happy with the developments as he stated that he had been afraid that Judge Choate would release Masferrer on April 17, 1961, the original date of the hearing." [CIA Justin F. Gleichauf to Chief, Contact Division.]
 
Released on bail, Rolando Masferrer was re-arrested in May 1961. He was charged with having violated the Neutrality Act by making war on Cuba. The charges were dropped five months later.FBI informant FRANK STURGIS became involved in the Rolando Masferrer case. [FBI 2-1622 NR 2.24.61, 107]

THE BAY OF PIGS BRIGADE - BRIGADE 2506

Manuel Artime was the military leader of the Cuban Revolutionary Front's military arm, Brigade 2506 (the Bay of Pigs Brigade). The Bay of Pigs Brigade was composed of 1,443 men. A split occurred within MRR when some of its leadership decided Manuel Artime had become a dictator who was to replace Fidel Castro, should the Cuban invasion be successful. Because of this Manuel Artime was assaulted, but Hunt stepped in and put an end to this revolt. Hunt made frequent trips between Washington, New Orleans, Miami and Guatemala trying to reconcile the dissension which plagued exile politics. He convinced Pedro Diaz Lanz and some expelled MRR members, who were followers of Carlos Prio Soccarras, to disband
their counter-organization - the Liberation Alliance. [FBI Miami 105- 1742 9.13.60] Orlando Bosch left Cuba in July 1960. In early 1961
the CIA imprisoned the opponents of Manuel Artime, then ejected them from the camp. The CPUSA reported that despite his anti-Batista credentials, Manuel Artime cultivated Nicaraguan dictator 
Anastasio Somoza as a major supporter. [Daily World 11.19.76 p4]
 
VICTOR PANEQUE AND ORLANDO BOSCH
Victor Manuel Paneque y Batista (201-286382) assumed military leadership of MRR in Miami and organized a infiltration team
to re-enter Cuba to continue MIRR operations. Victor Paneque was born September 22, 1918 in Holguin, Oriente Province, Cuba. His
formal education was short. From 1934 until 1942 he worked as a farmhand together with his father. In 1942 he had four months of
military training and then served two years as an infantry private at the Military Base, Managua, and Province of Havana, Cuba.
Released from military service in 1944 he found employment as a waiter and bartender in various barrooms in Holguyin. He worked in
this field until October 13, 1956, when he joined the 26th of July
Movement and was appointed chief of all clandestine activity against the Batista regime for the Northern Coast of Oriente Province. Victor Paneque was arrested by the police of Bayamo, Oriente Province, sentenced to one year in prison by the Tribunal of Santiago De Cuba for conspiracy against the Batista regime. He served his sentence and was released on November 22, 1957. On November 27, 1957 he was appointed by the Castro organization Chief of Political Action, Sabotage and Violent Assaults, for Las Villas Province. He organized a "Front" on the North Coast of Las Villas which was eventually replaced by columns headed by Ché Guevara and Camillo Cienfuegos. In October 1958 Victor Paneque
was chief of action for the Province of Pinar del Rio, Havana, and Matanzas and the area east of Havana. This operation took place
between November 1959 and December 1959. From January 1, 1959, to January 5, 1959, the headquarters of Victor Paneque were
located at the Sports Palace of Havana and when Fidel Castro entered the city, Victor Paneque turned over full control to his
leader. On January 5, 1959, Victor Paneque was appointed Chief of the Revolutionary Army 5th Military District of Havana. He held this
post for 22 days. In March 1959 he was made Chief of Public Order in the General Staff of the Rebel Army. In April 1959 Fidel Castro
made him Chief of the Rural Police of Cuba. He was given full authority to set up and organize military schools for training a new
rural police force. He established a school to train this force. None of the instructors there had been associated with the Communist
Party of Cuba. Toward the end of October 1959 Castro was throughly disillusioned with the anti-Communist political attitude of
the training school. He dissolved it and assigned its staff teaching 
jobs at the Peasant Militia schools. This decision was preceded by
numerous violent arguments between Victor Paneque and Fidel Castro and convinced Victor Paneque that Fidel Castro was a
Communist. On November 9, 1959, Victor Paneque was removed from his post as Chief of Public Order and Chief of Rural Police. He
was appointed administrator general of a large state-owned truck company. In spite of this prestigious position Victor Paneque
escaped Cuba by small boat in 1960 and was picked up by an American tanker after drifting for 14 hours. He came to the United
States on September 3, 1960. The CIA reported:

Paneque, y Batista, Victor Manuel, 201-286382.
According to Carlos Quiroga, Victor Paneque was in charge of the military training camp conducted for Cubans from Miami in August 1963 at Lacombe, Louisiana. Quiroga added that before the coup, Paneque had been in charge of all underground work in Havana. Traces have shown tht Paneque, AKA Commandante Diego, DPOB September 22, 1918
Holguin, Oriente Province, Cuba was the chried of rural police under Castro, was major in the army and also served as G-3 of the Cuban Army (chief of Public Order). Various reports indicate that:

(1) When Paneque arrived in the U.S. on or about September 7, 1960, he first stayed in the home of Dr. Orlando Bosch, suspected Castro agent and possible DGI member in Miami.

(2) He was associated with Carlos Rodriguez Castro, reported by an FBI source as a possible plant in anti- Castro organizations in U.S.

(3) Before he left Cuba, Paneque spent two hours with Raoul Castro.

(4) A Major Sanjenis, former G-2 Chief who, in 1960, was serving 10 years on the Isle of Pines, stated that Victor Paneque tried to give the impression that he was against the Castro Government but in reality was a Cuban Government agent. [CIA report from Joaquin Pedromo Sanjenis - dated September 21, 1960]
(5) That the general manager of the Pepsi Cola ncompany said that Paneque had gone to Miami but
was a member of G-2."

 
According to a report dated October 6, 1960, prepared by another office of this agency members of the Student Group at the University of Havana reported the presence in Miami of two Castro 'plants' said to be DGI agents. One of these was Victor Paneque. The information in this report came from a United States national with business contacts in the Latin American areas. UFGA-17153, August 10, 1964, discounted some of the foregoing and said that there had been reports that Victor Paneque had been on Castro's list of officers to be eliminated and that
he had been in touch with anti-Castro groups in the Escambray before he fled Cuba. Moreover, he was given a polygraph examination on August 4, 1964, with positive results. The Station requested a POA and commo clearance as soon as possible. The POA was granted on November 13, 1964. Victor Paneque was granted a Provisional Operational Approval on November 14, 1964, for use by JMATE, which was
canceled October 13, 1965. UFGA-23382, October 5, 1965, reported that Victor Paneque was to be terminated as of October 31, 1965, because there was no immediate operational use for him. [To: Ass. C. Of Staff Dept. Army
 
Atten: Interagency Source
Register. Subject: Paneque SD-10237]

In 1967 the CIA reported "Victor Manuel (Paneque) Batista
201-282382 Station has not had contact with Subject since his
termination." [CIA 12.30.67 100-300-17 00005] The CIA received a
report on March 31, 1962, which indicated that Victor Paneque was
the organizer of a hunger strike group and was the first speaker at
a rally to urge the United States to give arms to exiled Cubans. The
CIA reported: "Victor Paneque was the first speaker. He advised the
audience that the "Hunger Strike to Death" took place to show JFK
that the Cubans are willing to die in exile if their right to defend Cuba
from Communism is negated. The motto of the strike is 'Hunger or
War.' The strike was primarily initiated to ask for arms for the
Cubans in exile. He also stated that the compatriots in Cuba are
asking in despair what the Consejo is doing to solve the Cuban
 
COUP D’ETAT IN AMERICA – VOLUME THREE
240

problem. In answer to that question Paneque said the Consejo has
done nothing and means nothing in the USA and Cuba. The
Consejo should step aside and allow action people to take over the
direction of the Cubans in exile." Luis Conte Aguerro also spoke at
this rally. [CIA 201-286382]

MRR AND MIRR

During a deposition in Hunt v. Weberman, Sturgis explained
MRR and MIRR were two different groups:

The MIRR was a group headed by Dr. Orlando
Bosch, who broke off from the MIRR in Cuba and
formed his own organization that was the MIRR.
Manuel Artime never worked in the MIRR.
Remember, there are two different organizations, two
different leaders. Dr. Bosch was the leader of the
MIRR. I just want to specify that, you know.

Associates of MRR in the United States included Alexander
Rorke, William Johnson and Sturgis. The HSCA reported that
Sturgis and William Johnson provided the CIA information on Cuban
exile activities. A highly deleted FBI document read: " FIORINI is
presently cooperating and associating with Orlando Bosch
cooperating and associating with Orlando Bosch..." [CIA Secret
Document F.O. Case # deleted]
 
 
COUP D’ETAT IN AMERICA – VOLUME THREE
361

duty at that time on my way to my next assignment. I
had known Mrs. Bruton all my life. Oswald was very
closed mouth. No Marxist-Leninist rhetoric. He didn't
talk about much of anything. I'd been given a heads-
up by Mrs. Bruton as to what his background was. I
avoided baiting him. Mrs. Bruton knew he was a
defector before George DeMohrenschildt- who had
just returned from his walking trip - brought him over.
Oswald was described as an unfortunate guy, a
Marine who had gotten off the track in Russia. This
was how Mrs. Bruton portrayed him. There would be
no other source for this other than DeMohrenschildt. I
pegged him as not a very smart guy, very non-
committal. No suspicion he might be a spy, in
retrospect one could suspect almost anything. His
wife and child were in the back room because of an
estrangement between the two. Mrs. Bruton told me
that George DeMohrenschildt had gotten him a job
and, in a sense, had become his patron.

DEMOHRENSCHILDT ASSOCIATE: CLINT MURCHISON

George DeMohrenschildt knew Clint Murchison, who was a
friend of J. Edgar Hoover. Three States Oil and Gas was one of
Clint Murchison's oil companies. Lehman Trading was the parent
company of Three States Oil and Gas. Lehman Trading was owned
by a Director of United Fruit. [9WH202; Robert Lehman Trag. of
United Fruit Crown NY 1976 pp. 118-19] Clint Murchison was
friendly with John J. McCloy. According to researcher Tony
Summers, Clint Murchison funded the anti-Semitic press and was
the primary source of funds for American Nazi Party founder George
Lincoln Rockwell. George DeMohrenschildt also knew H.L. Hunt,
who funded numerous anti-Semitic groups. Clint Murchison's son,
Clint Murchison Jr., allegedly established financial ties with Carlos
Marcello. [Summers Secret Life JEH pp. 181, 223]

DEMOHRENSCHILDT ASSOCIATE: THE SHAH OF IRAN

George DeMohrenschildt was acquainted with Richard
Helm's associate, Mohammed Reza Pahlevi, the Shah of Iran. In
1953 Richard Helms organized and directed the coup which
overthrew Iranian Premier Mohammed Mossadegh and restored the
Shah to his throne. Mohammed Mossadegh had ties to the
 
COUP D’ETAT IN AMERICA – VOLUME THREE
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Communist Party of Iran and the CIA believed the Russians might
seize the oil reserves of Iran. Richard Helms, Tom Braden and other
CIA men parachuted into Iran and Mohammed Mossadegh was
overthrown.

DEMOHRENSCHILDT ASSOCIATE: W. R. GRACE

George DeMohrenschildt was acquainted with William
Russell Grace Sr., Chairman of Grace Lines. When Richard Helms
wanted an independent audit of the finances of the CIA, he chose
William Grace Sr. Robert C. Hill, a former President of W.R. Grace,
was linked in Senate testimony to PB SUCCESS. Robert C. Hill, a
CIA officer and Ambassador to Argentina before joining the board of
W.R. Grace, was also a Director of United Fruit. William Grace Sr.'s
son, J. Peter Grace, was on the board of directors of the American
Institute for Free Labor Development. Philip Agee wrote that the
American Institute for Free Labor Development was founded to
expand CIA labor operations in Latin America, and its funding came
from the Agency for International Development. The board of
directors of the American Institute for Free Labor Development
included a director of the Rockefeller Foundation and a former
director of the Free Cuba Committee. J. Peter Grace helped Nazi
war criminal Otto Ambros enter the United States. [Lovestone
Nation 1.16.67; 7.5.65; Facts on File 1974; transcript News Closeup
ABC-TV 1.16.80 cited in Covert Action #25; Village Voice 4.12.83 -
Joe Conason] The senior vice president of W.R. Grace was Cuban
exile leader Anthony Navarro.

DEMOHRENSCHILDT ASSOCIATE: MRS. BOUVIER

George DeMohrenschildt knew the mother of Jacqueline
Kennedy, Mrs. John V. Bouvier, since 1938. After the assassination
of President Kennedy DeMohrenschildt wrote her a letter about his
relationship with Oswald. [CIA 922-396d] John Manley wrote:

In 1945 I was attached to the OSS and met my ex-
wife, Jacque Manners through her brother, OSS
Colonel John Manners, who served under Colonel
Obolensky in Norway. In 1951 John Manners was
shot in the head under mysterious circumstances and
was paralyzed on his right side. George
DeMohrenschildt was introduced to Colonel Serge
Obolensky by Mrs. John Bouvier, in the mid-1950's.

George DeMohrenschildt stated that after he testified before
the Warren Commission, he visited with Mrs. Bouvier who had
 
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become Mrs. Hugh Auchincloss: "This luxurious home was located
in Georgetown and Auchincloss' money originated because of some
association of Hugh's family with John D. Rockefeller, Sr.
Eventually, we had to talk sadly about the assassination. Allan [sic]
Dulles was there also, and he asked me a few astute questions
about Lee." [Johnson Lee and Marina p222; HSCA V12 p225]
George DeMohrenschildt knew Admirals, Texas oil men, Shahs,
shipping magnates, the family of America's First Lady - all anti-
Communists. Why was Oswald the only communist he associated
with? What did he see in Oswald? Why was Oswald being
introduced to George DeMohrenschildt's social circle?

TITO AND CONCHITA HARPER

During his testimony before the Warren Commission,
George DeMohrenschildt told Albert Jenner he had visited Tito and
Conchita Harper on their ranch straddling the U.S./Mexican border.
On July 3, 1972, The New York Times reported that Federal officials
arrested nine men in Texas and Louisiana on charges of conspiring
to smuggle munitions to Mexico. Among those arrested were
Richmond C. Harper, 48, the brother of Tito Harper, a rancher and
Director of the Frontier State Bank of Eagle Pass, Texas, and
Marion Hagler, a former Inspector with the Immigration and
Naturalization Service. Murray Kessler and Alder B. Seal were also
arrested. Kessler, who was a house guest at the Harper ranch last
June, had a record of six convictions in Federal and state courts on
charges of interstate theft, transporting stolen property, bookmaking
and conspiracy to possess heroin. Federal authorities described him
as an associate of the Gambino organized-crime family. The buy
was made by Customs Agent CESAR DIOSDADO: The CIA
reported:

FOR CHIEF LEOB September 1, 1967

1. During the interrogation of Jose Ricardo Rabel
Nunez, Cuban prisoner and alleged CIA agent, by
members of LASO and the newsmen present early in
August 1967 in Havana, Cuba, he advised that upon
his arrival in the United States from Cuba he was met
by a group of U. S. officials and that he knew the
names of but two of these individuals - James
McGarran (phonetic) aka "Joaquin" and one
Diosdado. The latter was believed by Nunez to be a
Mexican and a Immigration official in Key West also.
When asked by the Cuban Security Officer if he
 
COUP D’ETAT IN AMERICA – VOLUME THREE
364

meant Cesar Diosdado Nunez replied in the
affirmative and added that Diosdado is supposedly
the Immigration official who really does the recruiting
for the Central Intelligence Agency.

2. Cesar Diosdado, the Subject of files #276 656 and
#32 469, who was born on August 16, 1921, in
Laredo, Texas, and had been employed by the
Customs Bureau, Treasury Department, since 1951,
and is presently resident Customs Agent-in-Charge,
Key West, Florida. Diosdado has been of interest to
this Agency since 1961 and his last Liaison
Clearance was approved on March 2, 1967, for use
on JMWAVE Project in Miami, Florida. Prior to his
clearance an investigation conducted on the Subject
proved to be clear.

3. In April 1966 Diosdado was under investigation
relative to allegations made against his mental
stability and a charge that threats had been made on
his life by the Cuban community in Florida. At this
time Subjects salary was being paid by Wave
Station. Subject is described as a controversial
individual who has antagonized several of his fellow
employees because of his brusque manner and
attitude although he was doing an excellent job for
WAVE. An investigation conducted by the Treasury
Department on the above charges disclosed that they
resulted from immaturity on the part of several
individuals under the supervision of Diosdado and
had no basis in fact.

4. The threat on Diosdado's life was made after the
seizure of an automatic gun found concealed on a
boat in Key West during July 1965 and a subsequent
allegation was made that he had planted the weapon
in the vessel. Diosdado had advised two of his
agents to advise the agent who had made the
allegation against Diosdado that he should be
careful, to watch out and to stop spreading lies. It
was the opinion of the investigating officers the
Diosdado meant that his agent should be careful of
Cuban nationals who might harm Customs agents in
 
COUP D’ETAT IN AMERICA – VOLUME THREE
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that area and he was not found to be unstable
mentally.

5. In January 1967 another complaint was received
from a Confidential Informant by the Internal
Revenue Service on Diosdado's alleged sale of guns
to a group of individuals planning an invasion of Haiti
as well as his participation in a raid in which the
persons were arrested by the U.S. Customs agents
and the Miami County Deputy Sheriff on January 1,
1967. Informant claimed that Diosdado had been
selling guns to persons and groups since 1957, and
that he had sold arms to Castro prior to Castro's
taking over Cuba, as well as getting individuals in
and out of Cuba for a price. Moreover the informant
advised that Diosdado was known to the FBI who
have a file on the Subject but who do not interfere
with his activities since the FBI believes he is acting
for the CIA.

6. As a result of the above allegations by the
Confidential Informant the Deputy Director, Internal
Security, Internal Revenue Service, was apprized of
this Agency's operational interest in Diosdado and no
action was taken on the allegations. The Deputy
Director advised that he would inform his
representatives in Miami that the complaint had been
channeled properly and that he should not undertake
any investigation of such charges.

7. Western Hemisphere officials were informed of the
allegations made against Diosdado and they in turn
spoke in glowing terms of the great service
performed by Subject for this Agency in his particular
area, and it is their opinion that his activities are part
of his work in behalf of its Project.

8. Upon inquiry of the Security Officer/Western
Hemisphere it was learned that the LASO
Conference and resultant publicity is being followed
closely by that Office. (Deleted).

A "United States Government Memorandum File Alien
Affairs Officer Subject Cesar Diosdado February 23, 1967" stated:
 
COUP D’ETAT IN AMERICA – VOLUME THREE
366

On February 13, 1967, Larry Flushman, Deputy
Commissioner, U.S. Customs Service, made
available a copy of a letter written by Inspector John
F. McKenna, Internal Revenue Service, Miami,
Florida, and received by William F. McCarthy,
Director of the Internal Security Division, wherein it
was alleged Subject was engaged in selling arms to
persons involved in aborted Haitian revolution...Mr.
Flushman reported he was not going to take and
action in this matter as Diosdado's salary is being
reimbursed to the Customs by CIA. Diosdado also
has been the Subject of many such complaints and
previous investigations have disproved such
allegations...On February 13, 1967, Howard J.
Osborn, Director of Security, was briefed on the
allegations made against Diosdado at which time he
recommended the viewpoint of the Western
Hemisphere Division be solicited prior to attempting
any action in this matter. He also suggested that
Office of the General Counsel be briefed on this
matter because of its relationship to Rolando
Masferrer Rojas case involving his part in the aborted
Haitian revolution...

On February 14, 1967, Mr. Meredith Flook, OS/AAS,
met with John Dimmer, Chief of Base WAVE Donald C.
Maurelius WH/EXO, and Richard Hannah, WH/SO, at which
time Mr. Dimmer spoke in glowing terms of Subject's
contribution to the Agency. Since there had been numerous
complaints against Subject in past and they had been
handled locally in the WAVE area, Mr. Dimmer suggested
that Mr. Flushman be requested to return the matter to the
Key West area for investigation and that OS/AAS assure IRS
and FBI that this would be accomplished to their satisfaction.
On February 14, 1967, William Cregar, FBI liaison, was
requested to advise IRS to refer all queries concerning
Subject to this Agency. The FBI will take no further action in
this matter. On February 15, 1967 John Olds, Deputy
Director, Internal Security Division, was contacted at his
office IRS Building [in D.C.} at which time he agreed IRS
would take no further action in this matter. They would
advise John F. McKenna, IRS Miami, Florida, not to pursue
any further action in this matter, and that if he receives any
 
COUP D’ETAT IN AMERICA – VOLUME THREE
367

additional information it will be transmitted to IRS
Headquarters for transmittal to U.S. Customs and this
Agency.

On February 16, 1967 at a meeting with Mr.
Flushman, he was advised of the resolution of the problem
and he stated he was taking no further action in this matter.
Mr. Flushman further related that when Subject’s services
will no longer be required by this Agency, he intends to
continue to use the subject in the Key West area. Mr.
Osborn was so advised of the above information.

[CIA Alien Affairs Officer 2.23.67 Louis Wienckowski; CIA
Memo For Chief LEOB from Deleted 9.1.67]

Hemming told this researcher in 1994: "Diosdado worked for
JMWAVE from January 1960, when it started."

DIOSDADO'S TESTIMONY

During a preliminary hearing on the case Diosdado said that
he had been summoned to Mexico on May 26, 1972, by the Federal
Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs and told by Arthur
Sedillo, a special agent of the Bureau, to investigate a group of gun
smugglers. Diosdado said that Sedillo had told him that "this group
had approximately 10,000 assorted weapons and they were asking
or they were trying to trade the weapons for 25 kilos of heroin. He
said that he arranged with Mr. Hagler to meet Mr. Harper on May
30, 1972, at the Eagle Hotel in Eagle Pass. Diosdado then placed
his initial order: 3,500 to 4,500 M-1 rifles, with 500 rounds of
ammunition for each weapon. "At that time Mr. Diosdado testified:
'Mr. Harper asked me as to what was the final destination of the
weapons I was intending to purchase. I told him that was my
business, it was nobody else's business but my own.' Mr. Harper
then put Mr. Diosdado in touch with Kessler, who invited him to visit
a tool company in Newark. After touring the premises, they entered
a door at the east end of the warehouse which was partitioned off
from the rest of the building. Mr. Diosdado testified that there was
"numerous tooling machinery there, all green in color. Kessler
stated that these were the machines, the tooling equipment that
they were using to manufacture their own weapons, made the spare
parts for the same." Diosdado produced the 25 pounds of heroin
which was judged to be defective by the Harper/Kessler group.
Now, they wanted cash and Diosdado wanted explosives. To cover
the cost of the transaction, Mr. Pollack of the Brooklyn Strike Force
 
COUP D’ETAT IN AMERICA – VOLUME THREE
368

deposited $1-million in cash in $100 bills in a safe-deposit box at
Chase Manhattan Bank branch in New York City. Another $1-million
in cash was placed in a deposit box in San Antonio. Two other
Customs agents flew to Shreveport to verify delivery and loading of
the explosives on a DC-4 as planned, before Diosdado was to pay
off Kessler in New Orleans. The agents seized the plane at
Shreveport where it was to have embarked for Mexico, Diosdado
testified. Harper was described as the catalyst and middle-man in
the weapons for heroin deal." [NYT 11.11.72] The DC-4 aircraft that
was seized contained 15,000 pounds of plastic explosives, 2,600
electrical blasting caps, 7,000 feet of cord and 25 electrical
detonators.

PETER BREWTON quoted Adler Berriman Seal: "The
request for arms and ammunition was brought across the border to
a rancher/banker by the name of Richmond Harper...who had very
deep White House ties." During a trial in Las Vegas ten years later,
Berriman Seal testified that the explosives were for CIA-trained anti-
Castro Cubans. Peter Brewton reported that the New Orleans U.S.
Attorney's Office believed Richmond C. Harper was under the
impression that the weapons would be used by anti-Castro forces.
Brewton reported that Richmond C. Harper was an associate of
alleged Carlos Marcello front man, Herman Beebe. The case
against Richmond Harper and his codefendants was dismissed.
According to Peter Dale Scott, a few years later, Richmond Harper
became addicted to heroin and died under mysterious
circumstances in Mexico City. Brewton reported that Berriman Seal
was murdered in the parking lot of a Baton Rouge halfway house in
February 1986. [Johnson Lee & Marina p220; NYT 7.3.72; Brewton
Mafia, CIA, Bush Shapolsky Publishers NY 1992 pp. 156-158, p102;
NYT 7.3.72, 5.22.73; DeMohrenschildt- Schlumberger CIA 1241-
1004]
  
 
COUP D’ETAT IN AMERICA – VOLUME THREE
504

The FBI checked with a close associate of Nixon in Dallas,
MAURICE CARLSON, President, Reliance Life and Accident
Insurance Company, who advised the Bureau that Nixon had been
invited to Dallas in April 1963, by the Southeast Dallas Chamber of
Commerce, to receive its annual "Good American" award. At the
last minute Nixon was unable to attend. Maurice Carlson later
advised the FBI: "He was previously confused as to the South and
East Dallas Chamber of Commerce inviting Richard Nixon to speak
in April 1963 to their annual banquet. He stated efforts were made
to get Barry Goldwater but they did not work out...Carlson stated to
his knowledge Nixon was not in Dallas in 1962 and was here only
once in 1963, on November 21, 1963." Maurice Carlson, 75, died on
December 28, 1989. The FBI questioned Robert R. Parks who was
a member of the South and East Dallas Chamber of Commerce.
Robert R. Parks was in charge of finding a speaker for the annual
banquet. Robert R. Parks said to his knowledge, "at no time was
Nixon ever invited to speak before the South and East Dallas
Chamber of Commerce and particularly he was not invited to do so
in April 1963. Check at newspaper morgue at Dallas Morning News
for period March 16, 1963 to May 16, 1963 last negative regarding
Nixon visit to Dallas." [NARA 124-10169-10365] Peter O'Donnell,
Chairman of the Republican Party of Texas knew of no invitation or
publicity concerning Mr. Nixon in 1963 other than the time he was in
Dallas in November 1963. [FBI 105-82555-2652] The FBI checked
all the Dallas media but there was no publicity anywhere about
Nixon’s Dallas trip.

February 26, 1964.

TO: Mr. Sullivan

FROM: Mr. Branigan

On a teletype from the Dallas Office which reported
the results of the interview of Marina Oswald
concerning the alleged threat of Oswald to shoot
former Vice President Richard Nixon, the Director
inquired, "Approximately what date would Nixon
incident be?"

The Dallas office reported that Marina Oswald put the
date at approximately two weeks after the Walker
incident. Since the Walker incident occurred April 10,
1963, the date of the Nixon incident would be
approximately April 24, 1963.
 
Information developed by the Dallas Office casts
considerable doubt on the validity of the story related
by Marina Oswald. It will be noted that Mr. Maurice
Carlson, President of the Reliance Life and Accident
Company, had previously indicated that former Vice
President Richard Nixon was scheduled to appear in
Dallas, April 1963, to receive an award from the
Chamber of Commerce. On recontact Carlson admits
he was mistaken in furnishing his first information. A
check at the newspaper morgue of the Dallas
Morning News for the period of March 16, 1963, to
May 16, 1963, was negative as to any publicity
concerning a visit of former Vice President Nixon to
Dallas. It is inconceivable that a person of the public
stature of former Vice President Nixon could visit
Dallas without some public notification. We have
furnished the available information on the Nixon
incident to the President's Commission and we will
have to completely run this out until we are satisfied
we have arrived at the truth. Action: The quickest and
most satisfactory way to resolve whether former Vice
President Nixon visited or intended to visit in Dallas
in 1963 is to ask him. Attached is a teletype to the
New York Office instructing that former Vice
President Nixon be interrogated to determine if
during 1963 he had any invitation or any intention to
visit Dallas and whether, in fact, he did so visit in that
city. [Hoover's handwritten note] He was in Dallas the
day before the assassination of Pres. Kennedy. H.
[NARA FBI 124-10021-10303]

The FBI also reported: "We located no articles indicating Mr.
Nixon planned a trip to Dallas during the aforementioned period
(May 15, 1963 to October 1, 1963)...We contacted Mr. Nixon’s office
and ascertained that Miss Rosemary Woods did not have the article
in question, but she believed such article did appear in a Dallas
newspaper..." The FBI interrogated Nixon on February 28, 1964:

On February 28, 1964, the Honorable Richard M. Nixon, former Vice President of the U.S., was contacted by Assistant Director in Charge of the New York Office, John F. Malone, and furnished the following information: Mr. Nixon advised that the only 
time he was in Dallas, Texas, during 1963 was two days prior to the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. He vaguely thought there was some invitation extended during the early part of 1963, probably in April, for him to come to Dallas, but that it never materialized, nor did he give any consideration to going there. Mr. Nixon could not even recall the circumstances surrounding the invitation, but did observe that conceivably there could have been some publicity indicating that he had been invited to  come to Dallas. Mr. Nixon said that if anything more concrete comes to his mind or after his secretary checks his records, which would indicate the circumstances surrounding this, he would immediately notify the FBI. He did say positively that he had no intention of visiting Dallas during April 1963. [WCE 1973]

ISAAC DON LEVINE, ALGER HISS AND RICHARD NIXON

Isaac Don Levine, an associate of Richard Nixon, collaborated with General Walter Krivitsky, a Soviet defector, on a book titled, I Was in Stalin's Secret Service. In 1939 General Walter Krivitsky was found mysteriously dead in a hotel room. In 1939 Isaac Don Levine met with Whitaker Chambers, who worked for the 
Department of State, and Adolf Berle, the head State Department's Office of Security. Whitaker Chambers alerted Adolf Berle to the existence of Communist espionage at the State Department. Isaac Don Levine helped persuade Whitaker Chambers to testify against Alger Hiss, a State Department official, during Alger Hiss' espionage trial in 1948. Isaac Don Levine testified at this trial: he said that
Whitaker Chambers had told him in 1939 that Alger Hiss had destroyed all evidence linking him to the Soviets, except for some
typewritten pages (typed on a 'Woodstock' typewriter) and microfilm (later found in a pumpkin).
 

THE WOODSTOCK TYPEWRITER

 
Nixon told White House Counsel John Dean, "We built the typewriter in the Hiss case." Author Tony Summers reported that in 1960 the FBI considered using forgery to neutralize a member of thenCommunist Party by "exposing" him to his colleagues as an FBI
informant. The scheme involved typewriter forgery. J. Edgar Hoovermremarked: "To alter a typewriter to match a known model would take
a large amount of typewriter specimens and weeks of laboratory work." [Summers Secret Life Hoover p167] Alger Hiss insisted the
incriminating documents produced by the prosecution had been 
typed on a fake model Woodstock typewriter deliberately constructed by his enemies to match his own. Alger Hiss was convicted of perjury, not espionage. Author David Leigh reported that BRIDE, an National Security Administration code-breakingn program, "gave clues which led to the prosecution of Hiss." [Wilson nPlot p6] In 1992 the head of Russian Military Intelligence was advised that a search had been completed of the now-defunct KGB records for traces on Alger Hiss. There were none, although written records may have not been kept. Richard Nixon attempted to frame Alger Hiss for espionage. Isaac Don Levine was tied to Eastern
European exile groups and was a trustee of the American Committee for Liberation from Bolshevism. This committee, under the guiding hand of Frank Wisner, funded numerous émigrén esearch institutes that employed ex-Nazi intelligence officers.
[Loftus CAIB Winter 1986; Ziger Memo To: Rankin Fm: Slawsonn9.6.64; Levine WC Test pp.14-16] Levine was an associate of Cuban exile Mario Kohly. In 1964, during the Warren Commission Hearings, Isaac Don Levine told Allen Dulles: 
I ascribe utmost importance to the whole matter of
these Argentines. The two girls [the daughters of Alexander Ziger]. They were in Minsk, but Marina hasn't an address of relatives in the United States. Marina and LLE Oswald smuggled out a letter or a manuscript for the Argentine family with them when they came...It
was not clear whether it was he or she who smuggled it. I was surprised and asked her how did Lee take out something like that? Well, the
implication was rather nice -- that he was warm-hearted -- that he was kind. They were stuck and it
had to do with a communication to one relative in the United States and others in Argentina. To try to get those two girls out and never had a word. The old folks had given up their Argentine citizenship, but the girls were born in Argentina and claimed that by right as their citizenship. Mr. Dulles, if their [emigration] could be arranged, it would be worthwhile. The Soviet Union is not going to hold two Argentine citizens even though they were friends of Oswald’s.
They are not quite that smart" Allen Dulles replied it was a matter of finding the right contacts, possibly the Argentine Ambassador to the Soviet Union, and having him intervene. Isaac Don Levine wanted Allen 
Dulles to have the CIA contact the Argentines "to set the machinery in motion.
Isaac Don Levine became a director of the CIA proprietary, Radio Liberty, in 1970.

 
ISAAC DON LEVINE AND MARINA OSWALD
 
Isaac Don Levine contacted Marina Oswald regarding their collaborating on a book. The FBI reported: 
James Hunt, CIA, furnished the following information to the Liaison Agent on March 27, 1964. Isaac Don Levine has been collecting material for a book concerning Oswald. This book is scheduled to be published in April 1964. Levine allegedly has spent considerable time with the widow of the Subject. Hunt explained that the CIA's source for this information was Hede Massing, who is known to the Bureau.
Massing has been in contact with Levine. [FBI 105-b82555-2184]

There were widespread deletions in a CIA document describing the relationship between Isaac Don Levine and the Nixon incident. William Branigan commented, "Levine was pursuing Marina as a source of information. That would be the only reason.
Because Marina was involved in the Walker shooting. At any rate, it didn't amount to anything. To me it was something. You don't try to
shoot somebody and then try to keep it all quiet. Marina was a little bit involved in that. She had to be. I don't know much about the
Oswald/Nixon thing." [Tel. Interview w/Branigan] In February 1964bWilliam Branigan wrote: "Information developed by the Dallas office
casts considerable doubt on the validity of the story related by Marina Oswald." [FBI 105-82555-2177] Ruth Paine commented, 
Levine was a semi-retired journalist. He and his wife traveled across the country twice a year, then returned to the Washington area. He stopped by occasionally. He was one of the most interesting people I met. He came to the States as a teenager from Russia. He explained to me the various branches and fractions and factions of communism. I had a feeling that he would understand some of the
gyrations of Oswald’s thinking - he never had
chance to talk directly to Oswald. I didn't know of his
connection with the Hiss case.

Warren Commission Counsel David Slawson questioned Isaac Don Levine about the Nixon incident. Isaac Don Levine:

The Nixon story. I suppose that you know that I went to see Rose Mary Woods since I saw you and Nixon’s papers are now brought from San Francisco to the New York office. The first I heard of it was from Jim Martin [the business manager of Marina Oswald]
during the last week in January. He told me about it and said that of course this is something that Marina herself would not want to talk about, but he wanted me to know about it. He didn't say at the time [when he got the information]. Before I left Dallas he said he got it from his wife Wanda, whereupon when he was  in Oklahoma I drove out with my wife and we visited Wanda alone. She told us the story as it happened that Marina one evening in conversation opened up and told her that a week or so after the attempt on the life of General Edwin Walker, he came home
disgusted. He had been out hunting for Nixon who had been reported as due to attend some sort of
Dallas affair. She naturally tried to quiet him and do what she could...He had been out with the rifle...He dressed neatly, put on his best suit, necktie, shirt and was going out with the rifle, and he went into a tirade 
saying he was going to get that so and so. When I finally got to Miss Rosemary Woods and she told me the girl was out in California bringing the Nixon papers, she gave me the following information. She believed that a certain Tad or Ted Smith, an influential Republican, maybe Treasurer - had sent an invitation some time before for Nixon to attend a Republican fund raising dinner; she thought there was one piece in the press announcing Nixon’s invitation and acceptance. There may have been a radio announcement, maybe a Walter Winchell column. I looked for straight news from April 10, 1963, onwards.

Levine continued: "Last week I spoke on the phone to ROSE MARY WOODS and she said that they are short staffed, and there
are many immense cartons, and she doesn't know whether they can get into it and check on the invitation dates and who it came from."

Evidence suggested Isaac Don Levine coached Marina Oswald into saying that Nixon had been another potential victim of
Oswald. At first, Maurice Carlson remembered the Nixon was asked to visit Dallas in late April 1963. No invitation or clipping that
indicated Nixon was to be in Dallas surfaced. How could Oswald have known that Nixon had been asked to visit Dallas? He did not
know Maurice Carlson. Levine claimed that Marina told Wanda Martin about the Nixon Incident. Recently released Warren
Commission documents indicated Marina Oswald was having sexual intercourse with James Martin, and that Marina Oswald told his wife about it. This would not have made Wanda Martin someone who Marina Oswald was likely to confide in. The HSCA asked Marina Oswald how the information about the Nixon incident got into the press:

A. Well, to tell you the truth, right now I don't remember how this information about the Nixon incident got to the Secret Service or I told him [Martin] my own or somebody. I really do not recall right now how it got into the press or knowledgeable to you and everybody else.

Q. Well, you must have -
 
A. I do not remember who was the first one that I told that.
Q. But you told somebody.

A. Of course I did, nobody cooked this up.

Marina Oswald "cooked up" this story. The HSCA conceded that "Marina Oswald, because of her testimony, played a central but troubling role in the investigation of the Warren Commission. A great deal of what the Commission sought to show about Oswald rested
on her testimony, yet she gave incomplete and inconsistent statements at various times to the Secret Service, FBI and the Commission..." [HSCA R p55]

The Warren Commission concluded: "Regardless of what# Oswald may have said to his wife, he was not actually planning to shoot Mr. Nixon that time in Dallas...and the incident was of no probative value."

Marina Oswald told this researcher in 1994:

But why would I make one more thing against him if it didn't happen? He took his clothes off and sat in the
bathroom. I do not know if he was testing me or not.
You can check it out if Nixon was coming there.
There was no publicity? That's fine and dandy. He said he go by newspaper. How stupid or dumb that incident is, it happened. What was behind it, I do not know. He never went that day. But he mentioned Nixon that day. I would tell you by now if that was a lie or this or that. What the motives were, I had no idea. It happened after the Walker incident and I was terrified. It had nothing to do with Levine. He never
suggested I say this. I met him for hour. He never coached me. He came under the pretense that he wanted to write about me. Somebody suggest that he wasn't the right one to do the book. He never tutor me. Nobody tutored me. Only trouble with Nixon is I volunteered that information. Just to prove to them I have nothing more to hide, I said it all. It's not because to put more blame on me. But to figure out
for myself what in the world was going through his head. How could I have gone to the Feds? In what
language? How did I know the Feds spoke Russian.
Ask your wife if she would snitch you out? She'd call the doctor. She not going to FBI. Especially she don't know the number.
 
typed on a fake model Woodstock typewriter deliberately constructed by his enemies to match his own. Alger Hiss was convicted of perjury, not espionage. Author David Leigh reported that BRIDE, an National Security Administration code-breaking program, "gave clues which led to the prosecution of Hiss." [
Wilson Plot p6] In 1992 the head of Russian Military Intelligence was advised that a search had been completed of the now-defunct KGB records for traces on Alger Hiss. There were none, although written records may have not been kept. Richard Nixon attempted to frame  Alger Hiss for espionage. Isaac Don Levine was tied to Eastern European exile groups and was a trustee of the American Committee for Liberation from Bolshevism. This committee, under the guiding hand of Frank Wisner, funded numerous émigré research institutes that employed ex-Nazi intelligence officers. [Loftus
CAIB
 Winter 1986; Ziger Memo To: Rankin Fm: Slawson 9.6.64; Levine WC Test pp.14-16] Levine was an associate of Cuban exile Mario Kohly. In 1964, during the Warren Commission Hearings, Isaac Don Levine told Allen Dulles: I ascribe utmost importance to the whole matter of these Argentines. The two girls [the daughters of  Alexander Ziger]. They were in Minsk, but Marina has address of relative in the United States. Marina and LLE Oswald smuggled out a letter or a manuscript for the Argentine family with them when they came...It was not clear whether it was he or she who smuggled it. I was surprised and asked her how did Lee take out something like that? Well, the implication was rather nice -- that he was warm-hearted -- that he was kind. They were stuck and it had to do with a communication to one relative in the United States and others in Argentina. To try to get those two girls out and never had a word. The old folks had given up their Argentine citizenship, but the girls were born in Argentina and claimed that by right as their citizenship. Mr. Dulles, if their [emigration] could be arranged, it would be worthwhile. The Soviet Union is not going to hold two Argentine citizens even though they were friends of Oswald’s. They are not quite that smart" Allen Dulles replied it was a matter of finding the right contacts, possibly the Argentine Ambassador to the Soviet Union, and having him intervene. Isaac Don Levine wanted Allen
Dulles to have the CIA contact the Argentines "to set the machinery in motion. Isaac Don Levine became a director of the CIA proprietary, Radio Liberty, in 1970.
 
ISAAC DON LEVINE AND MARINA OSWALD
Isaac Don Levine contacted Marina Oswald regarding their collaborating on a book. The FBI reported: James Hunt, CIA, furnished the following information to the Liaison Agent on March 27, 1964. Isaac Don Levine has been collecting material for a book concerning Oswald. This book is scheduled to be published in April 1964. Levine allegedly has spent considerable time with the widow of the Subject. Hunt explained that the CIA's source for this information was Hede Massing, who is known to the Bureau. Massing has been in contact with Levine. [FBI 105-82555-2184] There were widespread deletions in a CIA document describing the relationship between Isaac Don Levine and the Nixon incident. William Branigan commented, "Levine was pursuing Marina as a source of information. That would be the only reason. Because Marina was involved in the Walker shooting. At any rate, it didn't amount to anything. To me it was something. You don't try to shoot somebody and then try to keep it all quiet. Marina was a little bit involved in that. She had to be. I don't know much about the Oswald/Nixon thing." [Tel. Interview w/Branigan] In February 1964 William Branigan wrote: "Information developed by the Dallas office casts considerable doubt on the validity of the story related by Marina Oswald." [FBI 105-82555-2177] Ruth Paine commented, Levine was a semi-retired journalist. He and his wife traveled across the country twice a year, then returned to the Washington area. He stopped by occasionally. He was one of the most interesting people I met. He came to the States as a teenager from Russia. He explained to me the various branches and fractions and factions of communism. I had a feeling that he would understand some of the gyrations of Oswald’s thinking - he never had a chance to talk directly to Oswald. I didn't know of his connection with the Hiss case. Warren Commission Counsel David Slawson questioned Isaac Don Levine about the Nixon incident. Isaac Don Levine: The Nixon story. I suppose that you know that I went to see Rose Mary Woods since I saw you and Nixon’s papers are now brought from San Francisco to the New York office. The first I heard of it was from Jim Martin [the business manager of Marina Oswald] during the last week in January. He told me about it and said that of course this is something that Marina herself would not want to talk about, but he wanted me to know about it. He didn't say at the time [when he got the information]. Before I left Dallas he said he got it from his wife Wanda, whereupon when he was in Oklahoma I drove out with my wife and we visited Wanda alone. She told us the story as it happened that Marina one evening in conversation opened up and told her that a week or so after the attempt on the life of General Edwin Walker, he came home disgusted. He had been out hunting for Nixon who had been reported as due to attend some sort of Dallas affair. She naturally tried to quiet him and do what she could...He had been out with the rifle...He dressed neatly, put on his best suit, necktie, shirt and was going out with the rifle, and he went into a tirade
 
COUP D’ETAT IN AMERICA – VOLUME THREE
511
saying he was going to get that so and so. When I finally got to Miss Rosemary Woods and she told me the girl was out in California bringing the Nixon papers, she gave me the following information. She believed that a certain Tad or Ted Smith, an influential Republican, maybe Treasurer - had sent an invitation some time before for Nixon to attend a Republican fund raising dinner; she thought there was one piece in the press announcing Nixon’s invitation and acceptance. There may have been a radio announcement, maybe a Walter Winchell column. I looked for straight news from April 10, 1963, onwards. Levine continued: "Last week I spoke on the phone to  ROSE MARY WOODS
 and she said that they are short staffed, and there are many immense cartons, and she doesn't know whether they can get into it and check on the invitation dates and who it came from." Evidence suggested Isaac Don Levine coached Marina Oswald into saying that Nixon had been another potential victim of Oswald. At first, Maurice Carlson remembered the Nixon was asked to visit Dallas in late April 1963. No invitation or clipping that indicated Nixon was to be in Dallas surfaced. How could Oswald have known that Nixon had been asked to visit Dallas? He did not know Maurice Carlson. Levine claimed that Marina told Wanda Martin about the Nixon Incident. Recently released Warren Commission documents indicated Marina Oswald was having sexual intercourse with James Martin, and that Marina Oswald told his wife about it. This would not have made Wanda Martin someone who Marina Oswald was likely to confide in. The HSCA asked Marina Oswald how the information about the Nixon incident got into the press:  A. Well, to tell you the truth, right now I don't remember how this information about the Nixon incident got to the Secret Service or I told him [Martin] my own or somebody. I really do not recall right now how it got into the press or knowledgeable to you and everybody else. Q. Well, you must have -
 
COUP D’ETAT IN AMERICA – VOLUME THREE
512
 A. I do not remember who was the first one that I told that. Q. But you told somebody.  A. Of course I did, nobody cooked this up. Marina Oswald "cooked up" this story. The HSCA conceded that "Marina Oswald, because of her testimony, played a central but troubling role in the investigation of the Warren Commission. A great deal of what the Commission sought to show about Oswald rested on her testimony, yet she gave incomplete and inconsistent statements at various times to the Secret Service, FBI and the Commission..." [HSCA R p55] The Warren Commission concluded: "Regardless of what Oswald may have said to his wife, he was not actually planning to shoot Mr. Nixon that time in Dallas...and the incident was of no probative value." Marina Oswald told this researcher in 1994: But why would I make one more thing against him if it didn't happen? He took his clothes off and sat in the bathroom. I do not know if he was testing me or not. You can check it out if Nixon was coming there. There was no publicity? That's fine and dandy. He said he go by newspaper. How stupid or dumb that incident is, it happened. What was behind it, I do not know. He never went that day. But he mentioned Nixon that day. I would tell you by now if that was a lie or this or that. What the motives were, I had no idea. It happened after the Walker incident and I was terrified. It had nothing to do with Levine. He never suggested I say this. I met him for hour. He never coached me. He came under the pretense that he wanted to write about me. Somebody suggest that he wasn't the right one to do the book. He never tutor me. Nobody tutored me. Only trouble with Nixon is I volunteered that information. Just to prove to them I have nothing more to hide, I said it all. It's not because to put more blame on me. But to figure out for myself what in the world was going through his head. How could I have gone to the Feds? In what language? How did I know the Feds spoke Russian.  Ask your wife if she would snitch you out? She'd call the doctor. She not going to FBI. Especially she don't know the number.
 
 
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COUP D’ETAT IN AMERICA VOLUME 8
465

PAWLEY WILLIAM D: Christic Institute Sheehan Affidavit 3/25/88
(17);

ROTHBLATT, HENRY: Meyerson, M. Crime In The Suites. 1973
169;

MALLIN, JAY: Livingstone, N. The Cult of Counterterrorism 1990
170, 198;

DAVIDSON, I IRVING: Domhoff, G.W. Who Rules America? 1967
(112);

COLEMAN, WILLIAM T: Council On Foreign Relations Annual
Report 1988 (91);

DILWORTH J RICHARDSON Yakovlev, N. Washington Silhouettes
1985 (375);

CORDOVA CERNA, JUAN: NACLA Guatemala. 1974 (68);

BRADLEE, BENJAMIN C. Prados, J. Keepers of the Keys. 1991
504-5 Wash. Post 8.21.88 C2; LOVETT, ROBERT A: Wash. Post
5.8.86 (D6) Pyasyshev, B. The Mil/Indust. Complex of the U.S.A.
Yakovlev N. CIA Target USSR p70;

BROE WILLIAM Uribe, A. The Black Book of America in Chile 41.
52, 86, 135, 153;

LASKY, VICTOR: Who's Who in America 1984-1985 Yakovlev N.
CIA Target USSR 1984 (84);

MILLER HERBERT: J Jaworski The Right and the Power 1977
p276;

EARMAN, JOHN Simpson, C. Blowback 1988 (106 312);

PHILBRICK, HERBERT A.; Nikitin V. The Ultra's in the U.S.A. 1981
(96);

TACKWOOD, LOUIS E.CAIB # 31/89 35-8 National Reporter F/88
(19); Tackwood, Louis 213-778-5702

CABOT JOHN MOORS; Yakovlev, N. Washington Silhouttess 181-2
Tarasov K. Zubenko V. The CIA in Latin America 1982 207;

DADDARIO, EMILE Q CAIB 25/86 (12, 14) For. Intelligence Literary
Scene 8/85 (12);

WHITTEN, LES HUNTER CAIB # 21/84 (31) Halperin M The
Lawless State 1975 p145 Powell, S. Covert Cadre 1987 p107 Who's
Who In America 1984-85;

PRATT DONOVAN E: Epstein, Edward Deception 1989 (114)
Wash. Post 1.22.83 (C10); GRADY, ROBERT E Washington Times
1.19.89 (A3) Grady J. William Assn Former Intell Officers Mem. Dir.
1983;

STANLEY, MITCHELL K State Dept Bio Reg. 1977;

McAFEE, WILLIAM State Dept Bio Reg. 1977;

HORTON, HERMAN S: State Dept Foreign Service List 4.64. p47;
CROWLEY, JAMES State Dept Bio Reg. 1977;

 

COUP D’ETAT IN AMERICA VOLUME 8
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DONAHUE, DONALD J CFR Membership Roster. 1985

ABBREVIATIONS

ADDP - Assistant Deputy Director Plans.

AEDONER - Yuri Nosenko.

AELADLE - Golitsyn.

AEFOXTROT - Yuri Anatoliy Nosenko.

AEWILDFIRE - (?).

AEA-A FBI investigation - (?).

AEC - Atomic Energy Commission.

AIIC- (?)

AID - Agency for International Development.

aka - Also Known As.

Allen v. DOD - FOIA lawsuit filed by Mark Allen and James Lesar
requesting copies of approximately 400,000 pages of documents
given to the HSCA by Defense Department, FBI etc.

AMLASH - Rolando Cubela Secades.

AMWHIP - Agent who kept AMLASH in line.

ARA - Files from Lesar collection.

ATF - Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms.

AUSA - Assistant United States Attorney.

BNDD - Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs.

BRAC - Bureau for Suppression of Communism in Batista's Cuba.

BUFILE - FBI Headquarters file.

"Burn" - An informant is burned when the government agency he is
working with deliberately reveals his identity to the person he is
informing on.

CADC - Central Air Data Computer.

CAP - Civil Air Patrol.

CA/PA - (?).

CCB/FI - (?).

CCS/CCB - CIA Central Cover Staff and Commercial Cover Staff.

C.C.S. - Criminal Conspiracy Section, LAPD.

CDT - Central Daylight Time.

CI - Counter-Intelligence - An intelligence activity dedicated to
undermining the effectiveness of hostile intelligence services.

C/CI - Chief, Counter-intelligence.

CFR - Council on Foreign Relations.

CIC - U.S. Army Counter-intelligence Corps.

CI/CC - (?).

CIDC - Inter-American Confederation for the Defense of the
Continent.

CI/IC - (?).

 

COUP D’ETAT IN AMERICA VOLUME 8
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CI/ICG - (?).

CI/LSN - CI liaison.

CI/OA - Counter-Intelligence, Operational Approval or Assessment.

CI/OG/SOV - (?).

CI/OPS - (?).

CI R & A - Counter-Intelligence Research and Analysis.

CI R&A/RS - (?).

CI/SI - (?).

CI/SIG - Counter-Intelligence, Special Investigations Group.

CIS - Cuban Intelligence Service.

COG - Cuban Operations Group.

COPS - Covert Operations Section.

COI - Coordinator of Information.

COINTELPRO - FBI dirty tricks program targeting New Left groups.

COMMO - Communications Clearance. (?)

CONFIDENTIAL - Lowest security classification.

CORE - Congress of Racial Equality.

COPE - (?). Labor Political Action Committee.

COS - Chief Of Station.

Coup D'Etat In America [WEBERMAN /Canfield Third Press 1975].

CRC - Cuban Revolutionary Council.

CRS - (?).

CSA - (?).

CSCI - Clandestine Services Counter-Intelligence. Report by
ANGLETON to other agencies.

CSI - (?).

CSR/CI/P/OP - (?).

CY - (?).

DCD C/S - DCD Chief, Security.

DCD - Domestic Contacts Division. All DCS (Services) references
have been changed to DCD to facilitate data retrieval.

D/CI - Director, Central Intelligence.

DCID - (?).

DBF - CIA Date Base Fact.

DD/PTOS - (?).

DDP/ASST - (?).

DD/P - Deputy Director (Plans). In the 1970's Plans became
Operations. To facilitate data retrieval this change was generally
ignored.

DDP/FE - (?).

DDS - Deputy Director, Security.

DEA - Drug Enforcement Administration.

DEA/SOG - DEA Special Operations Group.

 

COUP D’ETAT IN AMERICA VOLUME 8
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DGI - Direcorio General de Intellgencia - Castro's intelligence
service.

DIA - Defense Intelligence Agency.

DID - Domestic Intelligence Division.

DIVISION D - Component originally devoted to obtaining codebooks
that became assassination section.

Disinformation - Valid information deliberately combined with false
information; thus the real information is discredited.

DL - FBI file from Dallas.

DOB - Date Of Birth.

DOD or DODS - Domestic Operations Division.

DOJ - Department of Justice.

DOS - Department of State.

ECA - Economic Cooperation Administration.

EDT - Eastern Daylight Time.

ELSUR - Electronic Surveillance.

EOD - Entered On Duty.

EYES ONLY - "No dissemination" security classification.

FAA - Federal Aviation Administration.

FAL - Belgian Rifle.

FARB - Foreign Agents Registration Board.

FBIS - Foreign Broadcast Information Service.

[FBI...] - Headquarters or Bufile number.

FCC - Free Cuba Committee of Washington, D.C.

FI/D/OPS - (?).

FIOB/SRS - (?).

Flap - CIA scandal.

FLUTTERED - Polygraphed.

[FNU] - First Name Unknown.

FOIA - Freedom of Information Act.

FOI/PA request. Request made under the Privacy Act which allows
an individual to receive documents on himself or on anyone who
gives him a written waiver of their privacy rights.

FOIA/# - A group of documents sent by government agency under
FOIA.

FR Division - Foreign Resource Division.

FRD - Cuban Democratic Revolutionary Front.

G-2 - Early name for Castro's intelligence service.

G-2 - U.S. Army Intelligence.

GAO - Government Accounting Office.

GID - General Investigative Division of the FBI.

GOC - Government of Cuba.

GRU - Soviet Military Intelligence.

 

COUP D’ETAT IN AMERICA VOLUME 8
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GS followed by number. Government service grade.

G. & W. - Gulf and Western Conglomerate.

HOODWINK - FBI Operation to get Mafia upset with the Communist
Party.

HSCA - House Select Committee on Assassinations.

HT LINGUAL - CIA mail opening program.

Hunt v. WEBERMAN - Libel lawsuit filed by E. HOWARD HUNT
against author in 1976. Attorneys: Ron Lowe, Miami Beach, Marvin
Miller, Virginia, David Micheals and Bruce Stahl of New York City.
Micheals died of bone cancer after a short illness in 1986, and Stahl
committed suicide in the mid-1980's.

IBEC - International Basic Economy Corporation.

ICA - International Cooperation Administration.

IFR - Instrument Flight Rules.

ID/3 - (?).

I.G. - Inspector General.

INCA - Information Council of the Americas. Ed Butler's group.

INR - Bureau of Intelligence and Research, DOS.

IP/AN, (Analysis Section) - (?)

IP/EDI - (?).

IP/FI - (?).

INS - Immigration and Naturalization Service.

INTERPOL - International Police Organization.

INTERTEL - International Intelligence Corporation.

IOD - International Organizations Division.

IRD - (?).

IS - Internal Security FBI Investigation.

JMWAVE - Miami CIA anti-Castro base station.

JPRS - Joint Press Reading Service.

KUBARK - William K.Harvey: "I believe that was the name for
clandestine services. I may have been the general one for the CIA."

LA DIVISION - Latin American Division.

LA/OO G/CIOS - (?).

LAD Personnel Wheel - Leadership Analysis Division.

LAD Registry - (?).

LAPD - Los Angeles Police Department.

LEGAT - FBI Legal Attache

LHM - Letter Head Memorandum (FBI). Indicates a degree of
interest in a particular Subject.

LNU - Last Name Unknown.

LNA - Last known address.

 

COUP D’ETAT IN AMERICA VOLUME 8
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Mail Cover - During a mail cover, the FBI is supposed to note the
return address on all correspondence going to a certain location.
Often, in violation of regulations, the FBI would also open these
letters, copy them, then reseal them.

MDC - Christian Democratic Movement. Anti-Castro group
described as being neither Christian nor Democratic nor a
movement.

MFR - Memorandum for Record.

MID - (?).

MIR - Artime and Bosch's anti-Castro group within Cuba.

MIRR - Artime & Bosch's anti-Castro group.

MKNAOMI - CIA poison program.

MKULTRA - CIA hallucinogenic drug program.

MOS - Military Occupational Specialty.

MP - Military Police.

MURKIN - Martin Luther King assassination FBI investigation.

NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

NARA - National Archives Records Administration.

MHCHAOS - see Operation Chaos.

NR - Not Recorded. This is an FBI document that has not been
serialized. Instead it was marked Not Recorded then dated.

NSA - National Security Administration. Intelligence agency devoted
to cyptography and signals analysis.

NSA - National Student Association.

NSC - National Security Council. Composed of the President, the
Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense and other Secretaries
and Under Secretaries when appointed by the President with the
advice and consent of the Senate. Although not members of the
NSC, the D/CI and the Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman attend all NSC
meetings as observers and advisors.

NSO - (?).

NSRP - National States Rights Party.

NTSB - National Transportation Safety Board.

NYPD - New York City Police Department.

NYT - New York Times.

OO - Abbreviation for Domestic Contacts Division.

OA - Operational Approval.

OAS - French secret army in Algeria.

OCR - Office of Central Reference.

OGC - Office of General Counsel.

OI - Other Identification.

OLC - CIA Office of Legal Counsel.

ONI - Office of Naval Intelligence.

 

COUP D’ETAT IN AMERICA VOLUME 8
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"Operation" (noun) - Someone whose behavior is directed. e.g.
"OSWALD was an operation."

OP - Operational.

OpA - Operational area.

OPC - Office of Policy Coordination.

OPS/RMD - (?).

OPS/OSG - (?).

ORR - (?).

OS - Office of Security.

OSI - Air Force Office of Special Investigations.

OS/ID - (?).

OS/SRS - Security Research Service.

OS SF - Security File.

OSO - Office of Special Operations. Precursor to Plans.

OSS - Office of Strategic Services.

OTS/APB - (?).

OVIR - Soviet Passport Office.

OWVL commo training - (?).

PA - (?)

PB 7 - Program Branch 7. Early CIA assassination section.

PB SUCCESS - The CIA overthrow of Arbenz of Guatemala.

PCI - FBI Potential Criminal Informant.

PHS form - Personal History Form.

PLANS - All references to the Operations Directorate have been
changed to Plans to facilitate date retrieval.

POA - Provisional Operational Approval.

PSD - Personnel Security Division. (?)

PT/FEA - Passport (?) State.

PT/RCL (Lookout Files)(?) State.

PW - Political Warfare.

QJWIN - ZRRIFLE spotter.

R. & R. Sheet - Routing and Record Sheet.

RCD - Rockefeller Commission Document.

Rel.- Released.

REDSKIN - Operational briefing of travelers to USSR.

REDWOOD - Debriefing of travelers to USSR.

RI - Records Integration.

RI/AN - Records Integration / Analysis.

RID - Records Integration Division.

RID/MIS (?).

RI/FI (?).

RID/RI/AN - (?).

RID/AN-6 - (?).

 

COUP D’ETAT IN AMERICA VOLUME 8
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RIS/MIS - (?).

RIS - Russian Intelligence Service.

"Rolled over" - Convinced to switch alligence.

ROA - (?).

RR - Rockefeller Report.

RYBAT - (?).

S.A. - FBI Special Agent.

SAC - Special Agent in Charge of FBI Field Office.

S.A.G. - Security Analysis Group. Studied articles, books etc.
looking for leaks.

SAM - Surface to Air Missile.

"Sammy" - Nosenko.

S4/SAS - (?).

SAS/CI - (?).

SAS/CI/CONTROL - (?).

SB Division - Soviet Bloc Division.

SB/CI/I - (?).

SBA - Small Business Administration.

SSCIA - Senate Select Committee on Intelligence Activities- The
Church Committee.

SCD - Soviet (?).

SDI - Systems Development Incorporated.

SDS - Students for a Democratic Society.

SECRET - Intermediate security classification.

SE DIVISION - South East Asia Division (?).

SF # - Office of Security File Number.

Singleton - Agent who does not report to Case Officer.

SNFE - Second National Front of Escambray.

SOD/AB/OPS/3 - (?).

SOV - Soviet.

SOV/SAT OPS - (?).

SPS - Special Projects Staff.

SR Division - Soviet Russia Division.

SR/6 - (?).

6 Branch - (?).

SR/CA - Covert Action

SR/CE - Counter-Espionage

SR/CI - Soviet Reseach, Counter-Intelligence.

SR/CI/P - (?).

SR/CI/K/TR - (?).

SR/CIdl - (?).

SR/CI/RED - (?).

SR/PA - (?).

 

COUP D’ETAT IN AMERICA VOLUME 8
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SR6/POS - (?).

SR6/B - (?).

SR6/Bio - Soviet Russia 6 Biographys.

SR 6 SVP - (?).

SR2 - (?).

SR41FE - (?).

SR/RISBIA - (?).

SR/RISB/P/WCB - (?).

SRS - OS Security Research Service.

SSD - followed by number (?).

SW - Secret Writing.

T & A cards - (?).

TASK FORCE W - Anti-Castro task force headed by William K.
Harvey.

TASS - Soviet News Agency.

TDCS - (?).

TFW/PA-PROP - (?).

TOP SECRET - Highest security classification.

TSD - Technical Service Division.

TSD /P - (?). Plans, TSD? Sidney Gottlieb was AC/DD/P/TSD.

TSD/LSS - Liaison Service Section (?).

TWX - (?).

UnId - Unidentified.

UAW - United Automobile Workers Union.

UNAM - Autonomous University of Mexico City.

USDC SDF - United States District Court. Southern District Florida.

USIA - United States Information Agency.

USIB - U.S. Intelligence Board.

USSS - United States Secret Service.

UWF - United World Federalists.

VHF - Very High Frequency.

VOA - Voice of America.

WCD - Warren Commission Document.

WCE - Warren Commission Exhibit.

WE/3 - (?).

WED - Westerbn Europe Division.

WIROGUE - ZRRIFLE assassin.

W.H. Division - Western Hemisphere Division.

WH/4/A - (?).

WH/4/Propaganda - PHILLIPS component.

WH/4/Registry - (?).

WH/4/CI - (?).

WH/6 - (?).